Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (1/190)

Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Islam. Thus, anyone who, after Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sent, does not worship Allah according to what He has prescribed of obligatory and recommended acts is not a Muslim. All obligatory and recommended acts must be devoted sincerely to Allah, the Lord of all worlds, as He Most High said:

“Those who were given the Scripture did not become divided until after the clear evidence had come to them.”

“They were commanded only to worship Allah with sincere devotion to Him, upright in faith, to establish prayer, and to give zakat. That is the upright religion.”

He Most High also said:

“The revelation of the Book is from Allah, the Almighty, the All-Wise.”

“Indeed, We have sent down the Book to you in truth, so worship Allah with sincere devotion to Him.”

“Indeed, sincere devotion belongs to Allah alone.”

Everything a Muslim does among obligatory and recommended acts of devotion—such as believing in Allah and His Messenger, performing bodily and financial acts of worship, loving Allah and His Messenger, and showing kindness to Allah’s servants by helping them and giving them wealth—he is commanded to do sincerely for Allah, the Lord of all worlds, without seeking any recompense from a created being: neither a supplication nor anything else. These are acts for which it is not permissible to seek recompense, whether a supplication or anything else.

As for asking a created being for anything else, this is not obligatory, nor even recommended except in certain cases; and the person being asked is commanded to give before the request is made. If the believers are not commanded to ask created beings, then this applies all the more to the Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for his standing is far greater, and Allah makes him far less dependent on anyone else.

For asking created beings entails three harms: the harm of dependence upon other than Allah, which is a form of associating partners with Him; and the harm of causing distress to the person asked, which is a form of wronging others.

الْإِسْلَامِ. فَكُلُّ مَنْ لَمْ يَعْبُدْ اللَّهَ بَعْدَ مَبْعَثِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا شَرَعَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ وَاجِبٍ وَمُسْتَحَبٍّ فَلَيْسَ بِمُسْلِمِ. وَلَا بُدَّ فِي جَمِيعِ الْوَاجِبَاتِ والمستحبات أَنْ تَكُونَ خَالِصَةً لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ؛ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ} {وَمَا أُمِرُوا إلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَذَلِكَ دِينُ الْقَيِّمَةِ} وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ} {إنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا إلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ فَاعْبُدِ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ الدِّينَ} {أَلَا لِلَّهِ الدِّينُ الْخَالِصُ} . فَكُلُّ مَا يَفْعَلُهُ الْمُسْلِمُ مِنْ الْقُرَبِ الْوَاجِبَةِ وَالْمُسْتَحَبَّةِ كَالْإِيمَانِ بِاَللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالْعِبَادَاتِ الْبَدَنِيَّةِ وَالْمَالِيَّةِ وَمَحَبَّةِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ إلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ بِالنَّفْعِ وَالْمَالِ هُوَ مَأْمُورٌ بِأَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ خَالِصًا لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ لَا يَطْلُبُ مِنْ مَخْلُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ جَزَاءً: لَا دُعَاءً وَلَا غَيْرَ دُعَاءٍ فَهَذَا مِمَّا لَا يَسُوغُ أَنْ يَطْلُبَ عَلَيْهِ جَزَاءً لَا دُعَاءً وَلَا غَيْرَهُ. وَأَمَّا سُؤَالُ الْمَخْلُوقِ غَيْرَ هَذَا فَلَا يَجِبُ بَلْ وَلَا يُسْتَحَبُّ إلَّا فِي بَعْضِ الْمَوَاضِعِ وَيَكُونُ الْمَسْئُولُ مَأْمُورًا بِالْإِعْطَاءِ قَبْلَ السُّؤَالِ وَإِذَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَيْسُوا مَأْمُورِينَ بِسُؤَالِ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ فَالرَّسُولُ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِنَّهُ أَجَلّ قَدْرًا وَأَغْنَى بِاَللَّهِ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ. فَإِنَّ سُؤَالَ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ فِيهِ ثَلَاثُ مَفَاسِدَ: مَفْسَدَةُ الِافْتِقَارِ إلَى غَيْرِ اللَّهِ وَهِيَ مِنْ نَوْعِ الشِّرْكِ. وَمَفْسَدَةُ إيذَاءِ الْمَسْئُولِ وَهِيَ مِنْ نَوْعِ ظُلْمِ الْخَلْقِ.