Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (4/417)

Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

position in relation to him. This was therefore not a distinction unique to him. Had this appointment as deputy been superior to the others, it would not have escaped ‘Alī’s notice; yet he followed him in tears. Further evidence of this is that, afterward, he placed Abū Bakr in command over him in the year 9 AH. Nor was his being sent to announce the termination of treaties a distinction unique to him. Since established custom required that only a man from his household conclude or terminate treaties, the purpose would have been fulfilled by any of his kindred who announced their termination. However, he was the best of Banū Hāshim after the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and thus had the strongest claim to precedence over the rest of them.

When he placed Abū Bakr in command after saying, “Are you not content…” and so forth, we know that these words do not indicate that ‘Alī stood in Aaron’s position in every respect. He likened him to Aaron specifically in being appointed as deputy, and that was not a distinction unique to him. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—also likened Abū Bakr to Abraham and Jesus, and ‘Umar to Noah and Moses—may blessings and peace be upon them—when the two offered their advice concerning the captives. This is greater than likening ‘Alī to Aaron, yet it did not entail that the two occupied the same position as those messengers. Likening one thing to another because they resemble each other in certain respects is common in the Quran, the Sunnah, and Arabic speech.

As for his words:

“Whoever has me as his ally has ‘Alī as his ally. O Allah, be an ally to whoever allies himself with him…” and so forth,

this does not occur in any of the principal hadith collections except al-Tirmidhī’s, which contains only:

“Whoever has me as his ally has ‘Alī as his ally.”

As for the additional wording, it is not part of the hadith. Imam Ahmad was asked about it and said, “An addition from Kufa.” There is no doubt that it is a fabrication, for several reasons:

الْمَنْزِلَةِ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ هَذَا مِنْ خَصَائِصِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا الِاسْتِخْلَافُ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ لَمْ يُخْفِ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَلَحِقَهُ يَبْكِي. وَمِمَّا بَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ بَعْدَ هَذَا أَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِ أَبَا بَكْرٍ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَكَوْنُهُ بَعَثَهُ لِنَبْذِ الْعُهُودِ لَيْسَ مِنْ خَصَائِصِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْعَادَةَ لَمَّا جَرَتْ أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْبِذُ الْعُهُودَ وَلَا يَعْقِدُهَا إلَّا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ: فَأَيُّ شَخْصٍ مِنْ عِتْرَتِهِ نَبَذَهَا حَصَلَ الْمَقْصُودُ وَلَكِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَكَانَ أَحَقَّ النَّاسِ بِالتَّقَدُّمِ مِنْ سَائِرِهِمْ فَلَمَّا أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ: " {أَمَا تَرْضَى} . . . إلَخْ " عَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ لَا دَلَالَةَ فِيهِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ مِنْ كُلِّ وَجْهٍ وَإِنَّمَا شَبَّهَهُ بِهِ فِي الِاسْتِخْلَافِ خَاصَّةً وَذَلِكَ لَيْسَ مِنْ خَصَائِصِهِ. وَقَدْ شَبَّهَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعِيسَى وَشَبَّهَ عُمَرَ بِنُوحِ وَمُوسَى - عَلَيْهِمْ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ - لَمَّا أَشَارَا فِي الْأَسْرَى وَهَذَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ تَشْبِيهِ عَلِيٍّ بِهَارُونَ وَلَمْ يُوجِبْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ أُولَئِكَ الرُّسُلِ وَتَشْبِيهُ الشَّيْءِ بِالشَّيْءِ لِمُشَابَهَتِهِ فِي بَعْضِ الْوُجُوهِ كَثِيرٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ وَكَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ. وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: " {مَنْ كُنْت مَوْلَاهُ فَعَلِيٌّ مَوْلَاهُ اللَّهُمَّ وَالِ مَنْ وَالَاهُ} . . . إلَخْ " فَهَذَا لَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ الْأُمَّهَاتِ؛ إلَّا فِي التِّرْمِذِيِّ وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ إلَّا: " {مَنْ كُنْت مَوْلَاهُ فَعَلِيٌّ مَوْلَاهُ} وَأَمَّا الزِّيَادَةُ فَلَيْسَتْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ. وَسُئِلَ عَنْهَا الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَد فَقَالَ: زِيَادَةٌ كُوفِيَّةٌ وَلَا رَيْبَ أَنَّهَا كَذِبٌ لِوُجُوهِ: