Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Al-Khallāl narrated it, and it explicitly affirms the superiority of human beings over angels. However, the status of its chain of transmission is unknown, so its acceptance depends on the soundness of that chain.

Abdullāh ibn Ahmad narrated in Kitāb al-Sunnah (The Book of the Sunnah), from Urwah ibn Ruwaym, who said: “Al-Ansārī informed me, on the authority of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that the angels said:

‘Our Lord, You created us and created the descendants of Adam. You enabled them to eat, drink, wear clothes, have relations with women, ride animals, sleep, and rest, while granting us none of these things. So grant them this world and grant us the Hereafter.’”

He related the hadith as traced back to the Prophet, whereas it was cited earlier through Zayd ibn Aslam, from his father, without being traced back to the Prophet.

Zayd ibn Aslam grew in knowledge, understanding of religion, and scrupulous piety, to the point that Alī ibn al-Husayn would leave the gatherings of his own people to attend his gathering. Al-Zuhrī reproached him for this, and he replied: “One sits only where one benefits”—or he said, “where one finds what sets one’s heart right.”

Some four hundred seekers of knowledge would attend his gathering. Their least virtue was to give away whatever worldly possessions they had, and none would keep things for himself at the expense of the others. Thus, he would make such a statement only on the basis of . . . (1) that was clear. Lying about Allah, Mighty and Majestic, is graver than lying about His Messenger.

At the very least, these reports show that the earliest generations of the righteous predecessors used to transmit among themselves that righteous human beings are superior to angels, without any objection from them, and no one disagreed

(1) A blank in the original. Shaykh Nāsir ibn Hamad al-Fahd (p. 42) writes: “The wording appears to be illā ‘an ‘ilm bayyin (except on the basis of clear knowledge), or something similar.”
رَوَاهُ الْخَلَّالُ وَفِيهِ الْقَطْعُ بِفَضْلِ الْبَشَرِ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ لَكِنْ لَا يُعْرَفُ حَالُ إسْنَادِهِ فَهُوَ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى صِحَّةِ إسْنَادِهِ. وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ فِي " كِتَابِ السُّنَّةِ " عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ رويم قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الْأَنْصَارِيُّ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ {أَنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ قَالُوا: رَبَّنَا خَلَقْتنَا وَخَلَقْت بَنِي آدَمَ فَجَعَلْتهمْ يَأْكُلُونَ وَيَشْرَبُونَ وَيَلْبَسُونَ وَيَأْتُونَ النِّسَاءَ وَيَرْكَبُونَ الدَّوَابَّ وَيَنَامُونَ وَيَسْتَرِيحُونَ وَلَمْ تَجْعَلْ لَنَا شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَاجْعَلْ لَهُمْ الدُّنْيَا وَلَنَا الْآخِرَةَ} . وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ مَرْفُوعًا كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ مَوْقُوفًا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ. وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ زِيدَ فِي عِلْمِهِ وَفِقْهِهِ وَوَرَعِهِ حَتَّى إنْ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ لَيَدَعُ مَجَالِسَ قَوْمِهِ وَيَأْتِيَ مَجْلِسَهُ فَلَامَهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: إنَّمَا يَجْلِسُ حَيْثُ يَنْتَفِعُ؛ أَوْ قَالَ يَجِدُ صَلَاحَ قَلْبِهِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ يَحْضُرُ مَجْلِسَهُ نَحْوُ أَرْبَعُمِائَةِ طَالِبٍ لِلْعِلْمِ أَدْنَى خَصْلَةٍ فِيهِمْ الْبَاذِلُ مَا فِي يَدِهِ مِنْ الدُّنْيَا وَلَا يَسْتَأْثِرُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَلَا يَقُولُ مِثْلُ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ إلَّا عَنْ. . . (١) بَيِّنٍ وَالْكَذِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ الْكَذِبِ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ. وَأَقَلُّ مَا فِي هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ أَنَّ السَّلَف الْأَوَّلِينَ كَانُوا يَتَنَاقَلُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ: أَنَّ صَالِحِي الْبَشَرِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ نَكِيرٍ مِنْهُمْ لِذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يُخَالِفْ أَحَدٌ
(١) بياض بالأصل قال الشيخ ناصر بن حمد الفهد (ص ٤٢): يظهر أن العبارة (إلا عن علم بين) أو نحوها.

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