Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

As for the “third” type, in which he intends both the condition and its consequence to occur, an example is a man whose wife has mistreated him to the point that he wants to divorce her and recover money from her as compensation. He says, “If you release me from paying your dowry or your maintenance, you are divorced,” intending both outcomes.

As for the “fourth” type, he intends that the condition should not occur, but, if it does, he does not dislike the consequence; rather, he either wants it or is indifferent to it. An example is his saying to his wife, “If you commit adultery, you are divorced,” or “If you strike my mother, you are divorced.” Similar conditional declarations are intended to prevent the condition from occurring, while also intending the consequence should it occur. Thus, if she commits adultery or strikes his mother, he must part with her because she is not suitable for him. This combines the meaning of an oath with that of specifying a time: he has sought to prevent her from committing the act, while intending divorce to take effect when it occurs, just as he intends it to take effect upon receiving compensation from her, when she becomes free of menstruation, or when the new moon appears.

As for the “fifth” type, he intends that the consequence should not occur and makes it dependent on the condition to prevent it from occurring, although he has no interest in preventing the condition itself. This is uncommon, as when someone says, “If you hit the mark a hundred times, I will give you such-and-such.”

As for the “sixth” type, he intends that neither the condition nor its consequence should occur, and links the consequence to the condition only to prevent both from occurring. This is exemplified by vows made in obstinacy and anger.

وَأَمَّا " الثَّالِثُ " وَهُوَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَقْصُودُهُ وُجُودَهُمَا جَمِيعًا فَمِثْلُ الَّذِي قَدْ آذَتْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ حَتَّى أَحَبَّ طَلَاقَهَا وَاسْتِرْجَاعَ الْفِدْيَةِ مِنْهَا فَيَقُولُ: إنْ أبرأتيني مِنْ صَدَاقِك أَوْ مِنْ نَفَقَتِك فَأَنْتِ طَالِقٌ وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ كُلًّا مِنْهُمَا. وَأَمَّا " الرَّابِعُ " وَهُوَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَقْصُودُهُ عَدَمَ الشَّرْطِ لَكِنَّهُ إذَا وُجِدَ لَمْ يَكْرَهْ الْجَزَاءَ؛ بَلْ يُحِبُّهُ أَوْ لَا يُحِبُّهُ وَلَا يَكْرَهُهُ فَمِثْلُ أَنْ يَقُولَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ إنْ زَنَيْت فَأَنْت طَالِقٌ أَوْ إنْ ضَرَبْت أُمِّي فَأَنْت طَالِقٌ وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ التَّعْلِيقِ الَّذِي يُقْصَدُ فِيهِ عَدَمُ الشَّرْطِ؛ وَيُقْصَدُ وُجُودُ الْجَزَاءِ عِنْدَ وُجُودِهِ بِحَيْثُ تَكُونُ إذَا زَنَتْ أَوْ إذَا ضَرَبَتْ أُمَّهُ يَجِبُ فِرَاقُهَا لِأَنَّهَا لَا تَصْلُحُ لَهُ فَهَذَا فِيهِ مَعْنَى الْيَمِينِ وَمَعْنَى التَّوْقِيتِ؛ فَإِنَّهُ مَنَعَهَا مِنْ الْفِعْلِ وَقَصَدَ إيقَاعَ الطَّلَاقِ عِنْدَهُ كَمَا قَصَدَ إيقَاعَهُ عِنْدَ أَخْذِ الْعِوَضِ مِنْهَا أَوْ عِنْدَ طُهْرِهَا أَوْ طُلُوعِ الْهِلَالِ. وَأَمَّا " الْخَامِسُ " وَهُوَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَقْصُودُهُ عَدَمَ الْجَزَاءِ وَتَعْلِيقُهُ بِالشَّرْطِ لِئَلَّا يُوجَدُ؛ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ غَرَضٌ فِي عَدَمِ الشَّرْطِ: فَهَذَا قَلِيلٌ كَمَنْ يَقُولُ إنْ أَصَبْت مِائَةَ رَمْيَةٍ أَعْطَيْتُك كَذَا. وَأَمَّا " السَّادِسُ " وَهُوَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَقْصُودُهُ عَدَمَ الشَّرْطِ وَالْجَزَاءِ؛ وَإِنَّمَا تَعَلَّقَ الْجَزَاءُ بِالشَّرْطِ لِيَمْتَنِعَ وَجُودُهُمَا فَهُوَ مِثْلُ نَذْرِ اللَّجَاجِ وَالْغَضَبِ.

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