Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (35/157)

Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

a binding contract of hire, it falls instead within the category of a revocable agreement promising payment for a task. However, employing these people is impermissible, so the contract is invalid, and they are entitled only to the value of their work. If they have performed no work of value, they are entitled to nothing. Their blood, however, may lawfully be shed and their property taken.

If they profess repentance, the scholars disagree over whether it should be accepted. Those who accept their repentance, provided they commit themselves to the law of Islam, allow them to retain their property. According to those who do not accept it, their property is not transferred to heirs belonging to their own sect; rather, it becomes revenue for the public treasury. Yet when these people are apprehended, they profess repentance, for their doctrine rests upon dissimulation and concealing their true beliefs. Some of them are known, while others may not be.

The course to follow is therefore to take precautions concerning them. They must not be allowed to remain together, bear arms or serve as combatants. They must be required to observe the prescribed practices of Islam, including the five daily prayers and recitation of the Quran. Someone should remain among them to teach them the religion of Islam, and they must be kept apart from their own teacher.

When Abū Bakr al-Siddīq—may Allah be pleased with him—and the other Companions overcame the apostates, and the latter came to him, al-Siddīq said to them:

“Choose either a war that drives you out or a humiliating peace.”

They said: “O successor to the Messenger of Allah, we know what a war that drives us out means, but what is a humiliating peace?”

He said: “You shall pay blood money for our slain, but we shall pay none for yours. You shall testify that our slain are in Paradise and yours are in the Fire. We shall divide what we have seized of your property, and you shall return what you have seized of ours. Your armour and weapons shall be taken from you, and you shall be forbidden to ride

الْإِجَارَةِ اللَّازِمَةِ فَهِيَ مِنْ جِنْسِ الْجَعَالَةِ الْجَائِزَةِ؛ لَكِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ لَا يَجُوزُ اسْتِخْدَامُهُمْ فَالْعَقْدُ عَقْدٌ فَاسِدٌ فَلَا يَسْتَحِقُّونَ إلَّا قِيمَةَ عَمَلِهِمْ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا عَمِلُوا عَمَلًا لَهُ قِيمَةٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ؛ لَكِنْ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ مُبَاحَةٌ. وَإِذَا أَظْهَرُوا التَّوْبَةَ فَفِي قَبُولِهَا مِنْهُمْ نِزَاعٌ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ؛ فَمَنْ قَبِلَ تَوْبَتَهُمْ إذَا الْتَزَمُوا شَرِيعَةَ الْإِسْلَامِ أَقَرَّ أَمْوَالَهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَمَنْ لَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا لَمْ تُنْقَلْ إلَى وَرَثَتِهِمْ مِنْ جِنْسِهِمْ؛ فَإِنَّ مَالَهُمْ يَكُونُ فَيْئًا لِبَيْتِ الْمَالِ؛ لَكِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ إذَا أُخِذُوا فَإِنَّهُمْ يُظْهِرُونَ التَّوْبَةَ؛ لِأَنَّ أَصْلَ مَذْهَبِهِمْ التَّقِيَّةُ وَكِتْمَانُ أَمْرِهِمْ وَفِيهِمْ مَنْ يُعْرَفُ وَفِيهِمْ مَنْ قَدْ لَا يُعْرَفُ. فَالطَّرِيقُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ يُحْتَاطَ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ فَلَا يُتْرَكُونَ مُجْتَمِعِينَ وَلَا يُمَكَّنُونَ مِنْ حَمْلِ السِّلَاحِ وَلَا أَنْ يَكُونُوا مِنْ الْمُقَاتِلَةِ وَيَلْزَمُونَ شَرَائِعَ الْإِسْلَامِ: مِنْ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ وَقِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ. وَيُتْرَكُ بَيْنَهُمْ مِنْ يُعَلِّمُهُمْ دِينَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَيُحَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ مُعَلِّمِهِمْ. فَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَسَائِرَ الصَّحَابَةِ لَمَّا ظَهَرُوا عَلَى أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ وَجَاءُوا إلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُمْ الصِّدِّيقُ: اخْتَارُوا إمَّا الْحَرْبَ الْمُجْلِيَةَ وَإِمَّا السِّلْمَ الْمُخْزِيَةَ. قَالُوا: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ الْحَرْبُ الْمُجْلِيَةُ قَدْ عَرَفْنَاهَا فَمَا السِّلْمُ الْمُخْزِيَةُ؟ قَالَ: تَدَّوُنَّ قَتْلَانَا وَلَا نِدِّي قَتْلَاكُمْ وَتَشْهَدُونَ أَنَّ قَتْلَانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلَاكُمْ فِي النَّارِ وَنُقَسِّمُ مَا أَصَبْنَا مِنْ أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَتَرُدُّونَ مَا أَصَبْتُمْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِنَا وَتُنْزَعُ مِنْكُمْ الْحَلَقَةُ وَالسِّلَاحُ وَتُمْنَعُونَ مِنْ رُكُوبِ