Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

“He intended to kill his companion.”

He, peace and blessings be upon him, also said:

“Do not become disbelievers after me, striking one another’s necks.”

And he, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“Your blood and your wealth are inviolable among you, as sacred as this day of yours, in this city of yours, in this month of yours. Let those present convey this to those absent, for someone to whom it is conveyed may understand it better than someone who heard it directly.”

What is obligatory in such a case is what Allah and His Messenger have commanded. Allah says:

“If two groups of believers fight one another, make peace between them. But if one of them transgresses against the other, fight the transgressing group until it returns to Allah’s command. If it returns, make peace between them with justice and act equitably. Indeed, Allah loves those who act equitably.”

“The believers are but brothers, so make peace between your brothers and fear Allah, so that you may receive mercy.”

It is therefore obligatory to reconcile these two groups, as Allah Most High has commanded. There are various ways to bring about reconciliation. One is to collect zakat funds and other contributions to be spent for this purpose. Whoever incurs a financial liability to reconcile people may receive zakat to cover the amount incurred, as stated by the jurists among the followers of al-Shāfi‘ī, Ahmad, and others.

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Qabīsah ibn Mukhāriq:

“Asking for financial assistance is permissible only for three people: a man who has undertaken a financial liability, who may ask until he obtains enough to discharge it, then must stop; a man whose wealth has been swept away by a calamity, who may ask until he obtains enough to meet his living needs, then must stop; and a man afflicted by poverty, whose poverty is attested by three men of sound judgment from his people, who say, ‘So-and-so has been afflicted by poverty,’ so he may ask for assistance

إنَّهُ أَرَادَ قَتْلَ صَاحِبِهِ} وَقَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ {لَا تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ} وَقَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ {إنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَامٌ، كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي شَهْرِكُمْ هَذَا. أَلَا لِيُبْلِغْ الشَّاهِدُ مِنْكُمْ الْغَائِبَ، فَرُبَّ مُبَلَّغٍ أَوْعَى مِنْ سَامِعٍ} . وَالْوَاجِبُ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، حَيْثُ قَالَ: {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ} {إنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ} فَيَجِبُ الْإِصْلَاحُ بَيْنَ هَاتَيْنِ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ، كَمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. وَالْإِصْلَاحُ لَهُ طُرُقٌ. " مِنْهَا " أَنْ تُجْمَعَ أَمْوَالُ الزَّكَوَاتِ وَغَيْرُهَا حَتَّى يُدْفَعَ فِي مِثْلِ ذَلِك فَإِنَّ الْغُرْمَ لِإِصْلَاحِ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ، يُبِيحُ لِصَاحِبِهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ الزَّكَاةِ بِقَدْرِ مَا غَرِمَ، كَمَا ذَكَرَهُ الْفُقَهَاءُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَد وَغَيْرِهِمَا، كَمَا {قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لقبيصة بْنِ مخارق: إنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ إلَّا لِثَلَاثَةِ: لِرَجُلِ تَحَمَّلَ حَمَالَةً فَيَسْأَلُ حَتَّى يَجِدَ حَمَالَتَهُ، ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ. وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ اجْتَاحَتْ مَالَهُ فَيَسْأَلُ حَتَّى يَجِدَ سَدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ، ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ. وَرَجُلٌ أَصَابَتْهُ فَاقَةٌ حَتَّى يَقُومَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْ ذَوِي الحجى مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَيَقُولُونَ: قَدْ أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا فَاقَةٌ، فَيَسْأَلُ؛

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