falls within their scope. Everything within their scope is mentioned in the Quran and hadith under its general designation. Otherwise, it would be impossible to mention everything by its specific name. Allah sent Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to all creation, and said:

“Say, ‘O mankind, I am Allah’s Messenger to you all.’”

He also said:

“We have sent you only to all mankind.”

And Allah Most High said:

“He who sent down the Criterion upon His servant, that he might be a warner to all the worlds.”

And He said:

“We have sent you only as a mercy to all the worlds.”

The terms “mankind” and “the worlds” include Arabs and non-Arabs: Persians, Romans, Indians, and Berbers. If someone were to say, “Muhammad was not sent to the Turks, Indians, or Berbers, because Allah did not mention them in the Quran,” he would be ignorant. It would be as though he said, “Allah did not send him to Banū Tamīm, Banū Asad, Ghatafān, or the other Arab tribes,” because Allah did not mention these tribes by their specific names. Likewise, it would be as though he said, “Allah did not send him to Abū Jahl, ‘Utbah, Shaybah, or the others of Quraysh,” because Allah did not mention them by their individual names in the Quran.

Similarly, when He said:

“Intoxicants, gambling, sacrificial altars, and divining arrows are nothing but an abomination of Satan’s handiwork,”

the term “gambling” included forms unknown to the Arabs and unknown to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. All gambling is forbidden by the agreement of the Muslims, even if the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not know of it. Playing chess or other games for stakes, for example, is forbidden by the consensus of the Muslims. It constitutes the gambling that Allah has forbidden, although it did not exist in the time of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Backgammon, too, is a form of the gambling that Allah has forbidden. Yet neither backgammon nor chess is mentioned in the Quran by a