grapevines; their khamr was made only from dates. When Allah prohibited it for them, they poured it away at the command of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Indeed, they even broke its vessels and slit its wineskins. They called it “khamr.” Thus, the term “khamr” in the Book of Allah is general, not restricted to grape juice.

Al-Bukhārī narrated in his Sahīh that Ibn ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with them both, said:

“The prohibition of khamr was revealed when there were five kinds of drink in Medina, none of which was made from grapes.”

In the two Sahīhs, Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

“When khamr was prohibited, it was made from unripe and dried dates.”

In a wording recorded by Muslim:

“Allah revealed this verse prohibiting khamr when there was no drink in Medina except that made from dried and unripe dates.”

In a wording recorded by al-Bukhārī:

“When it was prohibited for us, we could find very little grape khamr; most of our khamr was made from unripe and dried dates.”

In the two Sahīhs, Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

“I was serving Abū ʿUbaydah and Ubayy ibn Kaʿb a drink made from crushed ripening dates and dried dates. Someone came and told them, ‘Khamr has been prohibited.’ Abū Talhah said, ‘Anas, go to these jars and pour out their contents.’ So I poured them out.”

It is established from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, that khamr can be made from wheat and barley, just as it can be made from grapes. In the two Sahīhs, Ibn ʿUmar narrated that ʿUmar ibn al-Khattāb, may Allah be pleased with them both, said from the pulpit of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace:

“To proceed, O people: the prohibition of khamr was revealed when it was made from five things: grapes, dates,