He—may Allah Most High have mercy on him—was asked:

Concerning a Jewish man killed by a Muslim: is the Muslim to be executed in retaliation for him, or what is he liable for?

He replied:

All praise is due to Allah. According to the leading Muslim scholars, he is not liable to execution in retaliation. However, it is not permissible to kill a non-Muslim under Muslim protection without right. It is established in al-Sahīh that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:

“A Muslim is not to be executed in retaliation for a disbeliever.”

However, he must pay blood money. One view holds that the amount due is half the blood money for a Muslim; another holds that it is one-third. A further view distinguishes between intentional and accidental killing: for intentional killing, the same blood money as for a Muslim is due. This is reported from ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān: when a Muslim killed a non-Muslim under Muslim protection, he imposed the heavier liability upon him, requiring payment of the full blood money. For accidental killing, half the blood money is due. The Sunan collections report that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—set the blood money for a non-Muslim under Muslim protection at half that for a Muslim.

In all cases, expiation for killing is also obligatory: freeing a believing slave or, if he cannot find one, fasting for two consecutive months.

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked:

Concerning a group known as “the clan of Qays and Yaman,” among whom killings are frequent and who show no concern about them: when they are required to surrender the killer, they bring forward someone other than the killer, with whom they arrange that he will confess