Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Mālik. Shaykh Abū al-Barakāt ibn Taymiyya would sometimes issue fatwas to this effect. He and others cite as evidence the hadith reported by Muslim in his Sahīh, Abū Dāwūd, and others, through Tāwūs, from Ibn Abbās, who said:

“During the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, during Abū Bakr’s time, and for two years of Umar’s caliphate, a triple divorce was counted as one. Then Umar ibn al-Khattāb said, ‘People have rushed into a matter in which they had room for deliberation. What if we made it binding upon them?’ So he made it binding upon them.”

Another version relates that Abū al-Sahbāʾ said to Ibn Abbās:

“Tell us something of what you know. Was not a triple divorce counted as one during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and Abū Bakr?”

He replied: “That was indeed so. But during Umar’s time, people began resorting to divorce in quick succession, so he made it binding upon them and upheld its effect.”

Those who rejected this hadith offered strained interpretations of it. Likewise, every report stating that “the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, made three divorces binding on account of an oath pronouncing them all at once, or that someone in his time pronounced them all at once and he held him bound by them”—such as a report narrated from Ali, another from Ubāda ibn al-Sāmit, another through al-Hasan from Ibn Umar, and others—is weak by the agreement of hadith scholars. Indeed, these reports are fabricated, and scholars versed in hadith criticism recognize them as fabrications, as explained at length elsewhere.

Their strongest objection to this hadith is their statement: “It is established through several routes that Ibn Abbās issued fatwas declaring three divorces binding.”

مَالِكٍ وَكَانَ يُفْتِي بِذَلِكَ أَحْيَانًا الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْبَرَكَاتِ ابْنُ تَيْمِيَّة وَهُوَ وَغَيْرُهُ يَحْتَجُّونَ بِالْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ وَأَبُو دَاوُد وَغَيْرُهُمَا عَنْ طَاوُوسٍ عَنْ {ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ الطَّلَاقُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَسَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ طَلَاقَ الثَّلَاثِ وَاحِدَةً فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ اسْتَعْجَلُوا أَمْرًا كَانَ لَهُمْ فِيهِ أَنَاةٌ فَلَوْ أَمْضَيْنَاهُ عَلَيْهِمْ؛ فَأَمْضَاهُ عَلَيْهِمْ} . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَنَّ {أَبَا الصَّهْبَاءِ قَالَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: هَاتِ مِنْ هَنَاتِك أَلَمْ يَكُنْ طَلَاقُ الثَّلَاثِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَاحِدَةً؟ قَالَ: قَدْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي عَهْدِ عُمَرَ تَتَابَعَ النَّاسُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ فَأَمْضَاهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَجَازَهُ} . وَاَلَّذِينَ رَدُّوا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ تَأَوَّلُوهُ بِتَأْوِيلَاتِ ضَعِيفَةٍ وَكَذَلِكَ كَلُّ حَدِيثٍ فِيهِ: {أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَلْزَمَ الثَّلَاثَ بِيَمِينِ أَوْقَعَهَا جُمْلَةً. أَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدًا فِي زَمَنِهِ أَوْقَعَهَا جُمْلَةً فَأَلْزَمَهُ بِذَلِكَ} مِثْلَ حَدِيثٍ يُرْوَى عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَآخَرَ عَنْ عبادة بْنِ الصَّامِتِ وَآخَرَ عَنْ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَكُلُّهَا أَحَادِيثُ ضَعِيفَةٌ بِاتِّفَاقِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ بَلْ هِيَ مَوْضُوعَةٌ وَيُعْرَفُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِنَقْدِ الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهَا مَوْضُوعَةٌ كَمَا هُوَ مَبْسُوطٌ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ. وَأَقْوَى مَا رَدُّوهُ بِهِ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: ثَبَتَ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ أَنَّهُ أَفْتَى بِلُزُومِ الثَّلَاثِ.

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