Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He—may Allah Most High have mercy on him—was asked:

A man’s father-in-law swore that he would not let his daughter remain with her husband. He beat her and said, “Release him from his financial obligations.” She released him, and her husband divorced her once. She then claimed that she had released him only out of fear of her father. Does this divorce take effect or not?

He answered:

All praise is due to Allah. If she released him under wrongful coercion, the release was invalid, and the divorce conditional upon it did not take effect. But if she was under her father’s legal guardianship and he considered this to be in her interests, then this is permissible according to one of the two scholarly views, as in Mālik’s school and one opinion within Ahmad’s school.

He—may Allah Most High have mercy on him—was asked:

A married orphan girl under legal guardianship was told by her husband, “If you release me from the obligation to pay your dowry, you are divorced three times.” Because of the severe beating and her terror, she gave it to him. She then changed her mind and regretted it. May she revoke the gift without his being considered to have broken his oath, or not?

He answered:

If he coerced her into making the gift, or if she was under legal guardianship, the gift was invalid and the divorce did not take effect. And Allah knows best.

وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ فَحَلَفَ أَبُوهَا أَنَّهُ مَا يُخَلِّيهَا مَعَهُ وَضَرَبَهَا وَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُوهَا: أَبْرِئِيهِ. فَأَبْرَأَتْهُ وَطَلَّقَهَا طَلْقَةً؛ ثُمَّ ادَّعَتْ أَنَّهَا لَمْ تُبْرِهِ إلَّا خَوْفًا مِنْ أَبِيهَا: فَهَلْ تَقَعُ عَلَى الزَّوْجَةِ الطَّلْقَةُ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، إنْ كَانَتْ أَبْرَأَتْهُ مُكْرَهَةً بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ لَمْ يَصِحَّ الْإِبْرَاءُ وَلَمْ يَقَعْ الطَّلَاقُ الْمُعَلَّقُ بِهِ. وَإِنْ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ حِجْرِ الْأَبِ وَقَدْ رَأَى الْأَبُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مَصْلَحَةٌ لَهَا فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ جَائِزٌ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْ الْعُلَمَاءِ كَمَا فِي مَذْهَبِ مَالِكٍ وَقَوْلٌ فِي مَذْهَبِ أَحْمَد. وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى -: عَنْ بِنْتٍ يَتِيمَةٍ تَحْتَ الْحِجْرِ مُزَوَّجَةٍ قَالَ لَهَا الزَّوْجُ: إنْ أبرأتيني مِنْ صَدَاقِك فَأَنْتِ طَالِقٌ ثَلَاثًا: فَمِنْ شِدَّةِ الضَّرْبِ وَالْفَزَعِ أَوْهَبَتْهُ. ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ فَنَدِمَتْ: هَلْ لَهَا أَنْ تَرْجِعَ. وَلَا يَحْنَثُ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا أَكْرَهَهَا عَلَى الْهِبَةِ أَوْ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ الْحِجْرِ: لَمْ تَصِحَّ الْهِبَةُ؛ وَلَمْ يَقَعْ الطَّلَاقُ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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