Second: The prohibition of marriage is established by breastfeeding alone, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“Breastfeeding prohibits what birth prohibits.”

Another wording reads:

“What blood relationship prohibits.”

This hadith is agreed to be authentic and [is followed] by the imams. Allah has forbidden a woman to marry a child whom she has nourished with her milk, or to marry his descendants. He has likewise forbidden such marriages to her female ascendants, paternal aunts, and maternal aunt. Indeed, He has forbidden a girl breastfed by a woman to marry the man responsible for that milk—that is, the man whose intercourse with the woman caused her to produce milk.

If a man is forbidden to marry his daughter through breastfeeding, although none of the legal consequences of blood relationship apply to her apart from the prohibition of marriage and its attendant sanctity, how could he be permitted to marry a daughter created from his semen? How can a girl created from his semen be compared to one nourished with milk produced as a result of his intercourse? This establishes the prohibition through the general scope of the wording, its indications and implied meaning, and a fortiori analogy.

Third: Allah Most High said:

“And the wives of your sons who are from your own loins.”

The scholars said that this qualification excludes an adopted son, as Allah said:

“So that there should be no restriction upon the believers concerning the wives of their adopted sons once the latter no longer have need of them.”

It is well known that, in the pre-Islamic period, they acknowledged children born of illicit intercourse as their own even more emphatically than they acknowledged adopted children. If, then, Allah Most High qualified this with His words,

“From your own loins,”

it follows that the term “daughters” and similar terms encompass everyone included under those designations in their language.

As for the assertion that inheritance and similar legal consequences do not apply to her, the answer is that the legal consequences of kinship are separable: some may apply without others, just as