Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

About an agent who took a sum of his master’s money and bought slaves with it. He was asked, “Why are you taking your master’s money and buying slaves with it?” He replied, “I am buying them for him, and they remain his property; then I shall free them all.” When emancipating them, he claimed that they were his own slaves. He is now unable to repay their purchase price. Is the emancipation valid?

He replied:

If he bought slaves for the man with his permission, then they belong to that man. If he emancipated them without their owner’s permission, his emancipation of them is invalid. If he bought them with the man’s money without his permission, the owner of the money may take possession of them, or he may require the man who misappropriated his money to repay it. If this purchaser emancipates them, the owner of the money may take possession of them, and the emancipation is void. And Allah knows best.

End of Volume Thirty-One.
وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ نَائِبٍ أَخَذَ مِنْ مَالِ مَخْدُومِهِ مَبْلَغًا؛ وَاشْتَرَى بِهِ مَمَالِيكَ؛ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ تَأْخُذُ مَالَ أُسْتَاذِك وَتَشْتَرِي بِهِ مَمَالِيكَ؟ وَقَالَ: أَشْتَرِيهَا لَهُ وَهِيَ بَاقِيَةٌ عَلَى مِلْكِهِ ثُمَّ أُعْتِقُهَا جَمِيعَهَا. وَادَّعَى فِي الْعِتْقِ أَنَّهَا مَمَالِيكُهُ وَهُوَ الْيَوْمُ مُعْسِرٌ عَنْ قِيمَةِ ثَمَنِهِمْ. فَهَلْ يَصِحُّ الْعِتْقُ؟ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا اشْتَرَى مَمَالِيكَ لِلرَّجُلِ بِإِذْنِهِ فَهُمْ كَذَلِكَ لِلرَّجُلِ؛ وَإِذَا أَعْتَقَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ إذْنِ الْمَالِكِ لَمْ يَصِحَّ عِتْقُهُ. وَإِنْ اشْتَرَاهُمْ بِمَالِ الرَّجُلِ بِغَيْرِ إذْنِهِ فَلِصَاحِبِ الْمَالِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُمْ وَلَهُ أَنْ يُغَرِّمَ هَذَا الْغَاصِبَ مَالَهُ. وَإِذَا أَعْتَقَهُمْ هَذَا الْمُشْتَرِي فَلِصَاحِبِ الْمَالِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُمْ وَيَكُونُ الْعِتْقُ بَاطِلًا وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
آخر الْمُجَلَّدِ الْحَادِي وَالثَّلَاثِينَ

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