Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He replied:

All the profit belongs to the orphan. However, if the guardian is poor and has worked with the wealth, he may take the lesser of the customary wage for such work and what suffices for his needs. He must not take more than the wage for his work; and if that wage exceeds his needs, he must take no more than he needs.

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked:

A guardian has young orphans in his care, and their mother is pregnant. Should he provide maintenance for the children and for the person who cares for the children and their mother, once she has received her dower? May the children, their mother, and their caregiver consume all the wealth?

He replied:

As for the wife, she is to be given her share before she gives birth. As for the remaining heirs, if the division of the estate is postponed until the birth, the orphans should be maintained according to what is reasonable. There is no harm in mixing their wealth with their mother’s wealth, having their bread prepared together, and cooking their meals together, if this serves the orphans’ interests. The Companions asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about this, and Allah Most High revealed:

“They ask you about orphans. Say, ‘Improving their condition is best. If you mix your affairs with theirs, they are your brothers. Allah knows the corruptor from the reformer.’”

As for the unborn child, if you postpone the division, no issue arises. If you proceed with it immediately, the share of a male heir should be reserved for the child as a precaution. Is the wife entitled to maintenance and accommodation on account of the child in her womb? The scholars hold three opinions on this.

فَأَجَابَ: الرِّبْحُ كُلُّهُ لِلْيَتِيمِ؛ لَكِنْ إنْ كَانَ الْوَصِيُّ فَقِيرًا وَقَدْ عَمِلَ فِي الْمَالِ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ أَقَلَّ الْأَمْرَيْنِ مِنْ أُجْرَةِ مِثْلِهِ أَوْ كِفَايَتِهِ فَلَا يَأْخُذْ فَوْقَ أُجْرَةِ عَمَلِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ الْأُجْرَةُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ كِفَايَتِهِ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا. وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ وَصِيٍّ تَحْتَ يَدِهِ أَيْتَامٌ أَطْفَالٌ وَوَالِدَتُهُمْ حَامِلٌ: فَهَلْ يُعْطِي الْأَطْفَالَ نَفَقَةً وَاَلَّذِي يَخْدِمُ الْأَطْفَالَ وَالْوَالِدَةَ إذَا أَخَذَتْ صَدَاقَهَا: فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ الْأَطْفَالُ وَوَالِدَتُهُمْ وَمَنْ يَخْدِمُهُمْ جَمِيعَ الْمَالِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: أَمَّا الزَّوْجَةُ فَتُعْطَى قَبْلَ وَضْعِ الْحَمْلِ. وَأَمَّا سَائِرُ الْوَرَثَةِ فَإِنْ أَخَّرَتْ قِسْمَةَ التَّرِكَةِ إلَى حِينِ الْوَضْعِ فَيُنْفِقُ عَلَى الْيَتَامَى بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَخْتَلِطَ مَالُهُمْ بِمَالِ الْأُمِّ؛ وَيَكُونُ خُبْزُهُمْ جَمِيعًا وَطَبْخُهُمْ جَمِيعًا إذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ مَصْلَحَةً لِلْيَتَامَى؛ فَإِنَّ الصَّحَابَةَ سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ} . وَأَمَّا الْحَمْلُ فَإِنْ أَخَّرْت فَلَا كَلَامَ وَإِنْ عَجَّلْت أُخِّرَ لَهُ نَصِيبُ ذَكَرٍ احْتِيَاطًا. وَهَلْ تَسْتَحِقُّ الزَّوْجَةُ نَفَقَةً لِأَجْلِ الْحَمْلِ الَّذِي فِي بَطْنِهَا وَسُكْنَى؟ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَقْوَالِ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ.

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