Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked:

Concerning a man who gave property to his own daughter and appointed another man as his executor. The executor leased the property for thirty years and subsequently died. The girl under his guardianship attained legal capacity, but did not consent to the lease he had granted. Moreover, he had leased the property at a rate other than its fair rental value. Is the lease to be rescinded, allowing her to dispose of her property as owners ordinarily do?

He replied:

She is entitled to rescind this lease, without any disagreement among the scholars. The only disagreement is whether it is void from the outset or whether the lessor bears liability for it. And Allah knows best.

He was asked:

Concerning a man who bequeathed unequal shares to his children and had witnesses attest to this as he was dying: is this bequest to be implemented or not?

He replied:

Praise be to Allah, Lord of all worlds. A sick person may not single out some of his children for an immediately effective gift or a bequest taking effect after death, nor may he acknowledge owing any of them anything. If he does so, it may not be implemented without the consent of the remaining heirs. All of this is agreed upon by

وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ لِصُلْبِهِ. وَأَسْنَدَ وَصِيَّتَهُ لِرَجُلِ فَآجَرَهُ مُدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً؛ وَقَدْ تُوُفِّيَ الْوَصِيُّ الْمَذْكُورُ. وَرَشَدَ مَنْ كَانَ وَصِيَّةً عَلَيْهَا وَلَمْ تَرْضَ الْمُوصَى عَلَيْهَا بَعْدَ رُشْدِهَا بِإِجَارَةِ الْوَصِيِّ؛ وَأَنَّ الْوَصِيَّ أَجَّرَ ذَلِكَ بِغَيْرِ قِيمَةِ الْمِثْلِ: فَهَلْ تَنْفَسِخُ الْإِجَارَةُ وَتَتَصَرَّفُ فِي مِلْكِهَا عَادَةَ الْمُلَّاكِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: لَهَا أَنْ تَفْسَخَ هَذِهِ الْإِجَارَةَ بِلَا نِزَاعٍ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ؛ وَإِنَّمَا النِّزَاعُ هَلْ تَقَعُ بَاطِلَةً مِنْ أَصْلِهَا؟ أَوْ مَضْمُونَةً عَلَى الْمُؤَجَّرِ؟ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى لِأَوْلَادِهِ بِسِهَامِ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِهِ بِذَلِكَ فَهَلْ تَنْفُذُ هَذِهِ الْوَصِيَّةُ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْمَرِيضِ تَخْصِيصُ بَعْضِ أَوْلَادِهِ بِعَطِيَّةِ مُنَجَّزَةٍ وَلَا وَصِيَّةٍ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَلَا أَنْ يُقِرَّ لَهُ بِشَيْءِ فِي ذِمَّتِهِ؛ وَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَجُزْ تَنْفِيذُهُ بِدُونِ إجَازَةِ بَقِيَّةِ الْوَرَثَةِ. وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ بِاتِّفَاقِ

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