Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (31/290)

He—may Allah Most High have mercy on him—was asked:

A man bought a slave and gave him property until the slave became wealthy. It then emerged that the slave had actually been free. May he recover what he gave him in the belief that he was a slave?

He replied:

Yes, he may recover it.

He was also asked:

A man divorced his wife, asked her to reach a settlement, and settled with her. He recorded two dinars as due to her, then said to her, “Give me one of the dinars as a gift.” She did so, but he then divorced her. May she revoke the gift in these circumstances?

He replied:

Yes, she may revoke what she gave him in these circumstances, for he asked her for the gift and nevertheless divorced her. She had not wanted him to take her money at his request and then divorce her. And Allah knows best.

وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى عَبْدًا وَوَهَبَهُ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَثْرَى الْعَبْدُ ثُمَّ ظَهَرَ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ كَانَ حُرًّا: فَهَلْ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ مَا وَهَبَهُ ظَنًّا مِنْهُ أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ؟ فَأَجَابَ: نَعَمْ لَهُ أَخْذُهُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ زَوْجَتَهُ وَسَأَلَهَا الصُّلْحَ فَصَالَحَهَا. وَكَتَبَ لَهَا دِينَارَيْنِ. فَقَالَ لَهَا: هَبِينِي الدِّينَارَ الْوَاحِدَ فَوَهَبَتْهُ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا: فَهَلْ لَهَا الرُّجُوعُ فِي الْهِبَةِ وَالْحَالُ هَذِهِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: نَعَمْ، لَهَا أَنْ تَرْجِعَ فِيمَا وَهَبَتْهُ وَالْحَالُ هَذِهِ فَإِنَّهُ سَأَلَهَا الْهِبَةَ وَطَلَّقَهَا مَعَ ذَلِكَ وَهِيَ لَمْ تَطْلُبْ نَفْسَهَا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مَالَهَا بِسُؤَالِهَا وَيُطَلِّقَهَا. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.