Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked:

A man presented a slave to an emir in expectation of recompense, as is customary among people, without concluding a sale. The slave remained with the emir, serving him for a year, and then the emir died. Does the man who gave the slave have any claim against the emir’s heirs, whether for the slave’s price, payment for his service, or on any other grounds?

He replied:

Yes. If he gave him as a gift on condition of receiving recompense, whether expressly stipulated or understood by custom, he may take back the gift so long as he has not received the recompense to which he is entitled, provided the gifted property still exists. If it has perished, he is entitled to its value or the recompense. Here, “recompense” means the consideration stipulated in return for the gift.

He was asked:

A man gives an emir a gift to have a request fulfilled, to gain his favour, to obtain employment in his service, or for some similar purpose. Is it permissible to accept the gift under these circumstances?

If accepting the gift makes him inclined to attend to the matter, whereas without accepting it he feels no such inclination, is it permissible for him to accept it and attend to the giver’s business, or should he neither accept it nor attend to it?

وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَدَّمَ لِأَمِيرِ مَمْلُوكًا عَلَى سَبِيلِ التَّعْوِيضِ الْمَعْرُوفِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ مِنْ غَيْرِ مُبَايَعَةٍ فَمَكَثَ الْغُلَامُ عِنْدَ الْأَمِيرِ مُدَّةَ سَنَةٍ يَخْدِمُهُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْأَمِيرُ: فَهَلْ لِصَاحِبِ الْمَمْلُوكِ التَّعَلُّقُ عَلَى وَرَثَةِ الْأَمِيرِ بِوَجْهِ: بِثَمَنِ أَوْ أُجْرَةِ خِدْمَةٍ أَوْ بِحَالِ مِنْ الْأَحْوَالِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: نَعَمْ إذَا وَهَبَهُ بِشَرْطِ الثَّوَابِ لَفْظًا أَوْ عُرْفًا فَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي الْمَوْهُوبِ مَا لَمْ يَحْصُلْ لَهُ الثَّوَابُ الَّذِي اسْتَحَقَّهُ إذَا كَانَ الْمَوْهُوبُ بَاقِيًا؛ وَإِنْ كَانَ تَالِفًا فَلَهُ قِيمَتُهُ أَوْ الثَّوَابُ. وَالثَّوَابُ هُنَا هُوَ الْعِوَضُ الْمَشْرُوطُ عَلَى الْمَوْهُوبِ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُل أَهْدَى الْأَمِيرَ هَدِيَّةً لِطَلَبِ حَاجَةٍ؛ أَوْ التَّقَرُّبِ أَوْ لِلِاشْتِغَالِ بِالْخِدْمَةِ عِنْدَهُ أَوْ مَا أَشْبَه ذَلِكَ: فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ أَخْذُ هَذِهِ الْهَدِيَّةِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصُّورَةِ أَمْ لَا؟ وَإِنْ أَخَذَ الْهَدِيَّةَ انْبَعَثَتْ النَّفْسُ إلَى قَضَاءِ الشُّغْلِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ لَمْ تَنْبَعِثْ النَّفْسُ فِي قَضَاءِ الشُّغْلِ: فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ أَخْذُهَا وَقَضَاءُ شُغْلِهِ أَوْ لَا يَأْخُذُ وَلَا يَقْضِي؟

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