Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

Someone entered into a tree-planting arrangement on endowed land, stipulating that the endowment would receive two-thirds of the trees planted and the worker one-third. May succeeding administrators sell the endowment’s share of the trees?

He replied:

“He may not sell it unless a need requires this. Allah knows best.”

He—may Allah Most High have mercy on him—was asked:

A woman endowed shops and a house for her two children, stipulating that, after her sons and her children’s sons, the endowment should revert to the endowment of the school of Nūr al-Dīn al-Shahīd and other purposes sanctioned by Islamic law. Some of the woman’s relatives then wrongfully and fraudulently sold the endowed property. The heirs brought proceedings against the purchaser, and the judge entered an annotation concerning the witnesses to the deed, which was valid and duly established. The purchaser then made the property a charitable endowment to provide bread for the poor, with the chief appointed as its administrator. Is this valid? If the chief, a learned and devout man, knows that this person has wrongfully seized the property, is it lawful for him to serve as its administrator? What is the ruling?

He replied:

“It is not permissible to sell property belonging to a valid, binding endowment that continues to provide its intended benefit. Nor is the purchaser’s endowment of it valid. The administrator of the second endowment may not direct its benefits to anyone other than the original beneficiaries, or deal with it without a justification sanctioned by Islamic law, whether he acts under that invalid administrative appointment or otherwise. Allah knows best.”

وَسُئِلَ: عَمَّنْ نَاصَبَ عَلَى أَرْضِ وَقْفٍ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْوَقْفِ ثُلُثَيْ الشَّجَرِ الْمَنْصُوبِ وَلِلْعَامِلِ الثُّلُثُ: فَهَلْ لِمَنْ بَعْدَهُ مِنْ النُّظَّارِ بَيْعُ نَصِيبِ الْوَقْفِ مِنْ الشَّجَرِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ بَيْعُ ذَلِكَ إلَّا لِحَاجَةِ تَقْتَضِي ذَلِكَ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى -: عَنْ امْرَأَةٍ وَقَفَتْ عَلَى وَلَدَيْهَا دَكَاكِينَ وَدَارًا ثُمَّ بَعْدَ بَنِيهَا وَبَنِيَّ أَوْلَادِهَا يَرْجِعُ عَلَى وَقْفِ مَدْرَسَةِ نُورِ الدِّينِ الشَّهِيدِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ الْمَصَارِفِ الشَّرْعِيَّةِ ثُمَّ إنَّ بَعْضَ قَرَائِبِ الْمَرْأَةِ تَعَدَّى وَتَحَيَّلَ وَبَاعَ الْوَقْفَ ثُمَّ إنَّ الْوَرَثَةَ حَاكَمُوا الْمُشْتَرِيَ وَرَقَّمَ الْقَاضِي عَلَى شُهُودِ الْكِتَابِ: وَهُوَ صَحِيحٌ ثَابِتٌ. فَقَامَ الْمُشْتَرِي وَأَوْقَفَهَا صَدَقَةً عَلَى خُبْزٍ يُصْرَفُ لِلْمَسَاكِينِ. وَجَعَلَ الرَّئِيسُ نَاظِرًا عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ: فَهَلْ يَصِحُّ ذَلِكَ. وَإِذَا عَلِمَ الرَّئِيسُ الْعَالِمُ الْمُتَعَبِّدُ أَنَّ هَذَا مُغْتَصِبٌ: فَهَلْ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَاظِرًا عَلَيْهِ وَمَا يَكُونُ؟ فَأَجَابَ: بَيْعُ الْوَقْفِ الصَّحِيحِ اللَّازِمِ الَّذِي يَحْصُلُ بِهِ مَقْصُودُ الْوَقْفِ مِنْ الِانْتِفَاعِ لَا يَجُوزُ وَلَا يَصِحُّ وَقْفُ الْمُشْتَرِي لَهُ وَلَا يَجُوزُ لِلنَّاظِرِ عَلَى الْوَقْفِ الثَّانِي أَنْ يَصْرِفَهُ إلَى غَيْرِ الْمُسْتَحِقِّينَ قَبْلُ وَلَا يَتَصَرَّفَ فِيهِ بِغَيْرِ مُسَوِّغٍ شَرْعِيٍّ سَوَاءٌ تَصَرَّفَ بِحُكْمِ النَّظْرِ الْبَاطِلِ أَوْ بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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