He said:

“Moreover, were the soul uncreated, it would not enter the Fire. Were it uncreated, it would not be veiled from Allah, concealed within the body, or taken into the power of the Angel of Death; nor would it have a form that could be described. Were it uncreated, it would neither be called to account nor punished; it would neither worship nor experience fear or hope. Furthermore, the souls of believers shine brightly, whereas the souls of unbelievers are black as charcoal. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

‘The souls of martyrs are in the crops of green birds that feed in Paradise and take shelter in the precincts of the Throne. The souls of unbelievers are in Barahūt.’”

Shaykh Abū Ya‘qūb al-Nahrajūrī said:

“These souls come into being by Allah’s command and are created. Allah created them from the malakūt, just as He created Adam from dust. Any servant who attributes his soul to Allah’s own essence is thereby led into the negation of divine reality. Those who attribute souls to Allah’s own essence uphold divine indwelling and go on to declare all things permissible. They say, ‘Once our souls are purified of the impurities of our lower selves, we have attained union and become free. Our servitude has been lifted from us, and every pleasure involving women, wealth, and other things has become permissible for us.’ These are the heretics of this community.”

He mentioned several doctrines concerning souls, as well as doctrines held by the heretics.

I say:

Know that those who hold the soul to be beginningless fall into two groups: (A group of Sabian philosophers say, “It is beginningless and eternal, but it is not from