Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

Concerning a Quran teacher holding a paid post who travelled and appointed someone to act in his place without stipulating any terms with him. When he returned, he collected the entire stipend and did not vacate the post. Is the deputy entitled to the stipulated stipend or not?

He answered:

Praise be to Allah. Yes, the deputy is entitled to the entire stipulated stipend. However, when the person who appointed him returns, he has the greater right to his post. And Allah knows best.

He was asked:

Concerning someone who established an income-producing endowment and then died, after which a debt he owed came to light: may the endowment be sold to repay his debt?

He answered:

If the debt can be repaid from the endowment’s income, it is not permissible to sell it. If the debt cannot be repaid without selling some of the endowment—and he established it during his final illness—then it is to be sold, by agreement of the scholars.

If, however, he established the endowment while in good health, may it be sold to repay the debt? Scholars within Ahmad’s school and others differ on this. The view that it may not be sold is a strong one.

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ مُقْرِئٍ عَلَى وَظِيفَةٍ ثُمَّ إنَّهُ سَافَرَ وَاسْتَنَابَ شَخْصًا وَلَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا عَادَ قَبَضَ الْجَمِيعَ وَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ الْمَكَانِ. فَهَلْ يَسْتَحِقُّ النَّائِبُ الْمَشْرُوطَ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، نَعَمْ النَّائِبُ يَسْتَحِقُّ الْمَشْرُوطَ كُلَّهُ؛ لَكِنْ إذَا عَادَ الْمُسْتَنِيبُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِمَكَانِهِ وَاَللَّهِ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَمَّنْ وَقَفَ وَقْفًا مُسْتَغَلًّا ثُمَّ مَاتَ فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ: فَهَلْ يُبَاعُ الْوَقْفُ فِي دَيْنِهِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا أَمْكَنَ وَفَاءُ الدَّيْنِ مِنْ رِيعِ الْوَقْفِ لَمْ يَجُزْ بَيْعُهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُمْكِنْ وَفَاءُ الدَّيْنِ إلَّا بِبَيْعِ شَيْءٍ مِنْ الْوَقْفِ - وَهُوَ فِي مَرَضِ الْمَوْتِ - بِيعَ بِاتِّفَاقِ الْعُلَمَاءِ. وَإِنْ كَانَ الْوَقْفُ فِي الصِّحَّةِ: فَهَلْ يُبَاعُ لِوَفَاءِ الدَّيْنِ؟ فِيهِ خِلَافٌ بَيْنِ الْعُلَمَاءِ فِي مَذْهَبِ أَحْمَد وَغَيْرِهِ. وَمَنْعُهُ قَوْلٌ قَوِيٌّ.

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