Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Second:

We say: This rests on the assumption that, in the final generation, the condition specifies the amount of the share passing from someone who dies without children to those of his own generation, while the share of someone who dies leaving children is shared by the entire generation. This is rejected on the two grounds already explained.

Third:

Even if we conceded this, it would not constitute using an expression in two different meanings. Rather, it would constitute using a single expression in a single meaning, and thus belong to the category of univocal expressions. The wording explicitly provides for transferring the share of someone who dies without children to his own generation. This provision applies afresh in every clause. Moreover, making transfer to that generation conditional upon the existence of children indicates that he intended succession from individuals to their respective descendants. This is an indication by necessary implication.

When an expression directly signifies one meaning and necessarily implies another, this does not fall within the disputed category, as is the case with most expressions. Its indication of succession from individuals to their respective descendants arises solely from making the generation’s entitlement to the deceased’s share conditional upon his leaving no children. Reason then establishes that, had he intended succession from one generation as a whole to the next as a whole, he would not have imposed this condition, since succession between generations as wholes and the imposition of this condition are incompatible. The incompatibility of these two meanings is a rational proposition understood after conceiving each meaning, because one of the two expressions signifies both by linguistic convention.

This resembles their understanding, from His words:

“His gestation and weaning take thirty months,”

together with His words, exalted is He:

“They shall breastfeed their children for two complete years,”

that the minimum duration of pregnancy is six months. There are many similar examples.

الثَّانِي: أَنَّا نَقُولُ: هَذَا مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى أَنَّ الشَّرْطَ أَفَادَ فِي الطَّبَقَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ عَدَدَ نَصِيبِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْ غَيْرِ وَلَدٍ إلَى ذَوِي طَبَقَتِهِ. وَالْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْ وَلَدٍ يَشْتَرِكُ فِيهِ جَمِيعُ الطَّبَقَةِ. وَهَذَا مَمْنُوعٌ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ تَقَدَّمَا. الثَّالِثُ: لَوْ سَلَّمْنَا ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ هَذَا مِنْ بَابِ اسْتِعْمَالِ اللَّفْظِ فِي مَعْنَيَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ إنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ بَابِ اسْتِعْمَالِ اللَّفْظِ الْوَاحِدِ فِي مَعْنًى وَاحِدٍ وَذَلِكَ مَعْدُودٌ مِنْ الْأَلْفَاظِ الْمُتَوَاطِئَةِ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ فَائِدَةَ اللَّفْظِ بِمَنْطُوقِهِ نَقْلُ نَصِيبِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْ غَيْرِ وَلَدٍ إلَى طَبَقَتِهِ. وَهَذِهِ فَائِدَةٌ مُتَجَدِّدَةٌ فِي جَمِيعِ الْجُمَلِ. ثُمَّ إنَّ تَقَيُّدَ الِانْتِقَالِ إلَى الطَّبَقَةِ بِوُجُودِ الْوَلَدِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ عَنَى تَرْتِيبَ الْأَفْرَادِ. وَهَذِهِ دَلَالَةٌ لُزُومِيَّةٌ. وَاللَّفْظُ إذَا دَلَّ بِالْمُطَابَقَةِ عَلَى مَعْنًى وَبِالِالْتِزَامِ عَلَى مَعْنًى آخَرَ لَمْ يَكُنْ هَذَا مِنْ الْقِسْمِ الْمُخْتَلَفِ فِيهِ كَعَامَّةِ الْأَلْفَاظِ فَإِنَّ كَوْنَهُ دَلِيلًا عَلَى تَرْتِيبِ الْأَفْرَادِ إنَّمَا جَاءَ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَنَّهُ شُرِطَ فِي اسْتِحْقَاقِ الطَّبَقَةِ نَصِيبَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَدَمُ وَلَدِهِ. ثُمَّ عَلِمَ بِالْعَقْلِ أَنَّهُ لَوْ قَصَدَ تَرْتِيبَ الْمَجْمُوعِ لَمْ يَشْرُطْهُ بِهَذَا الشَّرْطِ؛ فَإِنَّ تَرْتِيبَ الْمَجْمُوعِ وَاشْتِرَاطَ هَذَا الشَّرْطِ مُتَنَافِيَانِ وَكَوْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ يَتَنَافَيَانِ قَضِيَّةً عَقْلِيَّةً فُهِمَتْ بَعْدَ تَصَوُّرِ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ؛ لِأَنَّ أَحَدَ اللَّفْظَيْنِ دَلَّ عَلَيْهِمَا بِالْوَضْعِ. وَهَذَا كَمَا فَهِمُوا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ {وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا} مَعَ قَوْله تَعَالَى {يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ} أَنَّ أَقَلَّ الْحَمْلِ سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ. وَنَظَائِرُهُ كَثِيرَةٌ.

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