Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked:

A man built a school and established an endowment to support its jurists and staff. The sultanate subsequently took most of the endowment, although the founder had stipulated proportional distribution among the beneficiaries. May the administrator pay the staff their full allocations and give the jurists whatever remains?

He answered:

Praise be to Allah. If the proportional shares received by those employed to perform services—such as the doorkeeper, caretaker, driver and others—equal the customary wages for their work, they are to be paid an additional amount. If their shares fall below the customary wages, but someone can be found to work for that amount, no increase is needed. If, however, their shares fall below the customary wages and no one can be found to work for less, their pay must be brought up to the customary level, provided that the institution cannot function properly without them.

If one person can serve as both caretaker and doorkeeper, or caretaker and muezzin, or can combine and fulfil all those duties, this should be done. The number of staff should not be increased unnecessarily, even though the endowment has returned to its former yield. Indeed, if one person can fill four positions, this should be done. Allah knows best.

وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَنَى مَدْرَسَةً وَأَوْقَفَ عَلَيْهَا وَقْفًا عَلَى فُقَهَاءَ وَأَرْبَابِ وَظَائِفَ ثُمَّ إنَّ السَّلْطَنَةَ أَخَذَتْ أَكْثَرَ الْوَقْفِ وَأَنَّ الْوَاقِفَ اشْتَرَطَ المحاصصة بَيْنَهُمْ. فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ لِلنَّاظِرِ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ أَصْحَابَ الْوَظَائِفِ بِالْكَامِلِ وَمَا بَقِيَ لِلْفُقَهَاءِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، إنْ كَانَ الَّذِي يَحْصُلُ بالمحاصصة لِأَرْبَابِ الْأَعْمَالِ الَّتِي يَسْتَأْجِرُ عَلَيْهَا - كَالْبَوَّابِ وَالْقَيِّمِ وَالسَّوَّاقِ وَنَحْوِهِمْ - أُجْرَةُ مِثْلِهِمْ يُعْطُوهُ زِيَادَةً عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا يَحْصُلُ دُونَ أُجْرَةِ الْمِثْلِ وَأَمْكَنَ مَنْ يَعْمَلُ بِذَلِكَ لَمْ يَحْتَجْ إلَى الزِّيَادَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ الْحَاصِلُ لَهُمْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ أُجْرَةِ الْمِثْلِ وَلَا يَحْصُلُ مَنْ يَعْمَلُ بِأَقَلَّ مِنْ أُجْرَةِ الْمِثْلِ فَلَا بُدَّ مِنْ تَكْمِيلِ الْمِثْلِ لَهُمْ إذَا لَمْ تَقُمْ مَصْلَحَةُ الْمَكَانِ إلَّا بِهِمْ وَإِنْ أَمْكَنَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ شَخْصٌ وَاحِدٌ قَيِّمًا وَبَوَّابًا أَوْ قَيِّمًا وَمُؤَذِّنًا أَوْ يَجْمَعَ لَهُ بَيْنَ تِلْكَ الْوَظَائِفِ وَيَقُومُ بِهَا فَإِنَّهُ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ وَلَا يُكْثِرُ الْعَدَدَ الَّذِي لَا يَحْتَاجُ إلَيْهِ مَعَ كَوْنِ الْوَقْفِ قَدْ عَادَ إلَى رِيعِهِ: بَلْ إذَا أَمْكَنَ سَدُّ أَرْبَعِ وَظَائِفَ بِوَاحِدِ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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