Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

That being so, it is clear that allocating the surplus to the mosque’s imam and muezzin, provided they are entitled to it, takes precedence over allocating it to others. The amount fixed by the founder does not preclude their entitlement to an additional sum on other grounds, just as it does not preclude entitlement on the part of another mosque. Accordingly, if the founder specified the shrouds to be paid for from part of the revenue, the surplus is to be allocated to the imam and muezzin as mentioned. And Allah knows best.

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked:

A man established an endowment and stipulated that the shaykh should have authority to admit residents to it. He also stipulated that no troublemaker or person relying on influence should reside there. Someone gained admission through influence, but subsequently displayed conduct indicating that he was a troublemaker. Relying on the founder’s stipulation, the shaykh considered it appropriate to remove him and admitted another person in accordance with the founder’s stipulation and its prescribed terms.

Is it permissible, without any basis in Islamic law, to remove the person admitted in accordance with the founder’s stipulation and reinstate the troublemaker who relied on influence, contrary to that stipulation? Is doing so forbidden for the administrator and the shaykh, and does it compromise their fitness for office? Is the person who works to bring this about and assists in it likewise acting unlawfully?

He answered:

When the founder’s stipulation is known, it must be set aside in favour of Allah’s stipulation if it conflicts with it, for Allah’s stipulation takes precedence over that of the founder.

وَإِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ؛ فَمِنْ الْمَعْلُومِ أَنَّ صَرْفَ الْفَاضِلِ إلَى إمَامِهِ وَمُؤَذِّنِهِ مَعَ الِاسْتِحْقَاقِ أَوْلَى مِنْ الصَّرْفِ إلَى غَيْرِهِمَا وَتَقْدِيرُ الْوَاقِفِ لَا يَمْنَعُ اسْتِحْقَاقَ الزِّيَادَةِ بِسَبَبِ آخَرَ كَمَا لَا يَمْنَعُ اسْتِحْقَاقَ غَيْرِ مَسْجِدِهِ. وَإِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ وَقَدَّرَ الْأَكْفَانَ الَّتِي هِيَ الْمَصْرُوفَةُ بِبَعْضِ الرِّيعِ صُرِفَ مَا يَفْضُلُ إلَى الْإِمَامِ وَالْمُؤَذِّنِ مَا ذَكَرَ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْقَفَ وَقْفًا وَشَرَطَ التَّنْزِيلَ فِيهِ لِلشَّيْخِ وَشَرَطَ أَنْ لَا يَنْزِلَ فِيهِ شِرِّيرٌ وَلَا مُتَجَوِّهٌ وَأَنَّهُ نَزَلَ فِيهِ شَخْصٌ بِالْجَاهِ ثُمَّ بَدَا مِنْهُ أَمْرٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ شِرِّيرٌ فَرَأَى الشَّيْخُ الْمَصْلَحَةَ فِي صَرْفِهِ اعْتِمَادًا عَلَى شَرْطِ الْوَاقِفِ وَنَزَّلَ الشَّيْخُ شَخْصًا آخَرَ بِطَرِيقِ شَرْطِ الْوَاقِفِ وَمَرْسُومِ أَلْفَاظِهِ فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ صَرْفُ مَنْ نَزَلَ بِشَرْطِ الْوَاقِفِ بِغَيْرِ مُسْتَنَدٍ شَرْعِيٍّ وَإِعَادَةُ الْمُتَجَوِّهِ الشِّرِّيرِ الْمُخَالِفِ لِشَرْطِ الْوَاقِفِ. وَهَلْ يَحْرُمُ عَلَى النَّاظِرِ وَالشَّيْخِ ذَلِكَ وَيَقْدَحُ ذَلِكَ فِي وِلَايَتِهِمَا؟ وَهَلْ يَحْرُمُ عَلَى السَّاعِي فِي ذَلِكَ الْمُسَاعِدُ لَهُ؟ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا عَلِمَ شَرْطَ الْوَاقِفِ عَدَلَ عَنْهُ إلَى شَرْطِ اللَّهِ قَبْلَ شَرْطِ الْوَاقِفِ إذَا كَانَ مُخَالِفًا لِشَرْطِ اللَّهِ.

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