Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

according to one of his two views as well. As for a non-Muslim living under Muslim protection who shelters those at war with the Muslims or assists them against the Muslims, he has broken his covenant, and his life and property become forfeit. The authorities must not leave such people, who cannot be trusted where Muslims are concerned, in a place where they are feared to pose a danger to Muslims or where Muslim children are brought to them; for he has broken his covenant, and his life and property become forfeit.

He was asked:

About a deposit entrusted in a sealed bag whose contents the custodian neither knew nor inspected. The depositor stated that it contained fifteen hundred and three tafāsīl. The deposit was lost along with some other belongings. When it was lost, its owner said, “It contained something worth seven thousand.” Must the custodian pay compensation for what the owner initially stated, or for what he stated later?

He replied:

If it was lost without negligence or wrongdoing on his part, he is not liable to compensate for it. This is all the more so if it was lost along with his own property. If he claims that the loss occurred through an evident, known cause, he is required to produce evidence, and his account is accepted.

فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ أَيْضًا. وَأَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ يُؤْوِي أَهْلَ الْحَرْبِ أَوْ يُعَاوِنُهُمْ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ انْتَقَضَ عَهْدُهُ وَحَلَّ دَمُهُ وَمَالُهُ وَالْوَاجِبُ عَلَى وُلَاةِ الْأُمُورِ أَلَّا يَتْرُكُوا مِثْلَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمَنُونَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ يُخَافُ ضَرَرُهُمْ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَوْ يُنْقَلُ إلَيْهِمْ أَوْلَادُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؛ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ انْتَقَضَ عَهْدُهُ وَحَلَّ دَمُهُ وَمَالُهُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ وَدِيعَةٍ فِي كِيسٍ مَخْتُومٍ وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ مَا فِيهِ وَلَا عَايَنَهُ. وَذَكَرَ الْمُودِعُ أَنَّهَا أَلْفٌ وَخَمْسُمِائَةٍ وَثَلَاثَ تَفَاصِيلَ وَعُدِمَتْ الْوَدِيعَةُ فِي جُمْلَةِ قُمَاشٍ. وَلَمَّا عُدِمَتْ قَالَ صَاحِبُ الْوَدِيعَةِ: إنَّ مَا فِيهَا شَيْءٌ يُسَاوِي سَبْعَةَ آلَافٍ. فَهَلْ يُلْزِمُ الْمُودَعَ غَرَامَةَ مَا ذَكَرَهُ فِي الْأَوَّلِ؟ أَمْ يُلْزِمُهُ مَا ذَكَرَ فِي الْآخِرِ؟ . فَأَجَابَ: إنْ تَلِفَتْ بِغَيْرِ تَفْرِيطٍ مِنْهُ وَلَا عُدْوَانٍ لَمْ يَلْزَمْهُ ضَمَانٌ. وَإِذَا ذَهَبَتْ مَعَ مَالِهِ كَانَ أَبْلَغَ وَإِذَا ادَّعَى ذَلِكَ بِسَبَبِ ظَاهِرٍ مَعْلُومٍ: كُلِّفَ الْبَيِّنَةَ وَقُبِلَ قَوْلُهُ.

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