Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was also asked:

A man lent a jointly owned horse without his co-owner’s permission. The horse died while in the borrower’s possession. Who is liable for the co-owner’s share?

He replied:

If he lent his co-owner’s share without permission and the horse died, the co-owner may demand the value of his share from the lender who acted wrongfully. He may also demand it from the borrower. And Allah knows best.

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was also asked:

A woman borrowed a pair of earrings, which she subsequently lost. Must she pay their value?

He replied:

If she was negligent in safeguarding them, she must pay compensation, by agreement of the scholars. If she was not negligent, there is a well-known disagreement among them. According to the school of Abū Hanīfa, she is not liable; according to the schools of al-Shāfiʿī and Ahmad, she is liable. According to Mālik, if their loss occurred through a known cause, she is not liable; but if she claims that they were lost through a hidden cause, her claim is not accepted. And Allah knows best.

وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعَارَ فَرَسًا وَهِيَ شَرِكَةٌ بِغَيْرِ إذْنِ شَرِيكِهِ فَمَاتَتْ الْفَرَسُ عِنْدَ الَّذِي أَعَارَهَا شَرِيكُهُ فَمَنْ يَضْمَنُ حِصَّةَ الشَّرِيكِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا أَعَارَ نَصِيبَ الشَّرِيكِ بِغَيْرِ إذْنِهِ وَتَلِفَتْ الْفَرَسُ كَانَ لَهُ مُطَالَبَةُ الْمُعِيرِ الْمُعْتَدِي بِقِيمَةِ نَصِيبِهِ وَلَهُ مُطَالَبَةُ الْمُسْتَعِيرِ أَيْضًا. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ امْرَأَةٍ اسْتَعَارَتْ زَوْجَيْ حَلَقٍ وَقَدْ عُدِمُوا مِنْهَا. فَهَلْ يَلْزَمُهَا قِيمَةُ الْحَلَقِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: إنْ كَانَتْ فَرَّطَتْ فِي حِفْظِهَا لَزِمَهَا غَرَامَتُهَا بِاتِّفَاقِ الْعُلَمَاءِ. وَإِنْ لَمْ تُفَرِّطْ فَفِي ذَلِكَ نِزَاعٌ مَشْهُورٌ بَيْنَهُمْ. فَفِي مَذْهَبِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ لَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهَا وَفِي مَذْهَبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَد عَلَيْهَا الضَّمَانُ وَعِنْدَ مَالِكٍ إذَا تَلِفَتْ بِسَبَبِ مَعْلُومٍ فَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِذَا ادَّعَتْ التَّلَفَ بِسَبَبِ خَفِيٍّ لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْهَا. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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