Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (30/183)

to both parties. If he does not increase the rent on account of the advance, he has done well. It makes no difference whether it is called a lease or a registered agreement; both are the same.

He was asked:

About a man who hired a worker to tend an orchard, but the worker stopped working until part of the orchard was ruined. Is he entitled to his wages? Is he liable for compensation or not?

He replied:

There is no doubt that if he fails to perform the work stipulated in his agreement, he is not entitled to his wages. If he performs part of it, he is paid in proportion to the work he has done. If any property is lost or damaged through his negligence, he is liable for that loss or damage. Negligence means failing, without an excuse, to perform what one is obliged to do.

He was asked:

Regarding a riding animal: Which is better—to carry people free of charge, or to charge a fare and give it in charity?

He replied:

If they are poor, it is better to waive their fare. If they are wealthy and there is someone in need, it is better to collect the fare for the benefit of that person.

لِلِاثْنَيْنِ وَإِذَا لَمْ يَزِدْ الْأُجْرَةَ لِأَجْلِ الْقُوَّةِ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ. وَلَا فَرْقَ بَيْنَ أَنْ يُسَمَّى إجَارَةً أَوْ مُسَجَّلًا فَالْجَمِيعُ سَوَاءٌ. وَسُئِلَ: عَمَّنْ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيرًا يَعْمَلُ فِي بُسْتَانٍ فَتَرَكَ الْعَمَلَ حَتَّى فَسَدَ بَعْضُ الْبُسْتَانِ. فَهَلْ يَسْتَحِقُّ الْأُجْرَةَ؟ أَوْ يَضْمَنُ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ . فَأَجَابَ: لَا رَيْبَ أَنَّهُ إذَا تَرَكَ الْعَمَلَ الْمَشْرُوطَ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ يَسْتَحِقَّ الْأُجْرَةَ وَإِنْ عَمِلَ بَعْضَهُ أُعْطِيَ مِنْ الْأُجْرَةِ بِقَدْرِ مَا عَمِلَ وَإِذَا تَلِفَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ الْمَالِ بِسَبَبِ تَفْرِيطِهِ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانُ مَا تَلِفَ بِتَفْرِيطِهِ. وَالتَّفْرِيطُ هُوَ تَرْكُ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ دَابَّةٍ: أَيُّمَا أَفْضَلُ يَنْقُلُ النَّاسَ بِلَا أُجْرَةٍ أَوْ يَأْخُذُ الْأُجْرَةَ وَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا؟ . فَأَجَابَ: إنْ كَانُوا فُقَرَاءَ فَتَرْكُهُ لَهُمْ أَفْضَلُ وَإِنْ كَانُوا أَغْنِيَاءَ وَهُنَالِكَ مُحْتَاجٌ فَأَخْذُهُ لِأَجْلِ الْمُحْتَاجِ أَفْضَلُ.