Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

A group holds a land grant containing unused land. They authorized someone to let it, and he leased it for thirty years without consulting the grant-holders about this thirty-year term. Is this lease valid or not?

He replied:

This lease is valid only if the grant-holders authorized it, expressly or implicitly. Mere general permission to let the land—which customarily means a lease of one or two years, or thereabouts—cannot be understood as permission to lease it for such a lengthy term. The lease is therefore not valid on the basis of that permission alone.

He was asked:

A man holds a land grant, as attested by his official grant document. He leased certain parts of it to someone to cultivate and benefit from for a specified term. The grant he held was then transferred to someone else. Is the original lease valid? If it is valid, is it binding upon the second grant-holder, or is it to be terminated? May the grant-holder prevent those leasing the land from benefiting from it?

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ بِيَدِهِمْ إقْطَاعٌ وَفِي الْإِقْطَاعِ أَرْضٌ عَاطِلَةٌ وَأَذِنُوا لِشَخْصِ أَنْ يُؤَجِّرَهَا؛ فَأَجَّرَهَا مُدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً وَلَمْ يُشَاوِرْ الْوَكِيلُ الْمُقْطَعِينَ عَلَى الثَّلَاثِينَ سَنَةٍ فَهَلْ تَجُوزُ هَذِهِ الْإِجَارَةُ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: لَا تَصِحُّ هَذِهِ الْإِجَارَةُ إلَّا إذَا كَانَتْ بِإِذْنِ الْمُقْطَعِينَ أَوْ مَا يَقْتَضِي الْإِذْنَ فِيهَا. فَأَمَّا مُجَرَّدُ الْإِذْنِ فِي الْإِجَارَةِ مُطْلَقًا الَّذِي يَقْتَضِي فِي الْعُرْفِ سَنَةً أَوْ سَنَتَيْنِ أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ فَلَا يُفْهَمُ مِنْهُ الْإِذْنُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ الطَّوِيلَةِ فَلَا تَصِحُّ الْإِجَارَةُ بِمُجَرَّدِهِ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ بِيَدِهِ إقْطَاعٌ يَشْهَدُ بِهِ مَنْشُورُهُ وَأَنَّهُ ضَمِنَ بَعْضَ نَوَاحِي الْإِقْطَاعِ لِمَنْ يَزْرَعُهَا وَيَنْتَفِعُ بِهَا مُدَّةً مُعَيَّنَةً ثُمَّ انْتَقَلَ الْإِقْطَاعُ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ إلَى غَيْرِهِ. فَهَلْ يَصِحُّ الْإِيجَارُ الْأَوَّلُ؟ وَهَلْ إذَا صَحَّ يَصِحُّ الْإِيجَارُ عَلَى الْمُقْطَعِ الثَّانِي أَوْ يُفْسَخُ؟ وَهَلْ لِلْمُقْطَعِ أَنْ يَمْنَعَ الْمُؤَجِّرِينَ الِانْتِفَاعَ؟

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