Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (30/143)

He was asked:

A man is neither a farmer nor accustomed to cultivating land. Is it permissible for anyone to enter into a sharecropping arrangement with him without his consent, or not?

He answered:

No one may compel him to undertake farming that is not obligatory upon him, for that is oppression. Allah Most High says, as His Messenger reported from Him:

“My servants, I have forbidden oppression for Myself and have made it forbidden among you, so do not oppress one another.”

Indeed, compelling such a man is permissible neither under the pure Sharia nor under established governmental practice.

He was asked:

What is the ruling concerning someone who cultivates jointly owned land without his co-owners’ permission or informing them?

He answered:

If the established custom is that whoever cultivates the land receives a specified share and the landowner receives a share, then he must divide the crop grown on the equivalent of his co-owners’ shares between himself and them in the customary manner. And Allah knows best.

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَلَّاحًا وَلَا لَهُ عَادَةٌ بِزَرْعِ. فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ لِأَحَدِ أَنْ يُزَارِعَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ اخْتِيَارِهِ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: لَيْسَ لِأَحَدِ أَنْ يُكْرِهَهُ عَلَى فِلَاحَةٍ لَمْ تَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ ظُلْمٌ وَاَللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ رَسُولُهُ: {يَا عِبَادِي إنِّي حَرَّمْت الظُّلْمَ عَلَى نَفْسِي وَجَعَلْته بَيْنَكُمْ مُحَرَّمًا فَلَا تَظَالَمُوا} ". بَلْ مِثْلُ هَذَا لَا يَجُوزُ إكْرَاهُهُ لَا فِي الشَّرِيعَةِ الْمُطَهَّرَةِ وَلَا فِي الْعَادَةِ السُّلْطَانِيَّةِ. وَسُئِلَ: عَمَّنْ يَزْرَعُ فِي أَرْضٍ مُشْتَرَكَةٍ بِغَيْرِ إذْنِ الشُّرَكَاءِ وَلَا أَعْلَمَهُمْ؟ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا كَانَتْ الْعَادَةُ جَارِيَةً: بِأَنَّ مِنْ يَزْرَعُ فِيهَا يَكُونُ لَهُ نَصِيبٌ مَعْلُومٌ وَلِرَبِّ الْأَرْضِ نَصِيبٌ فَإِنَّهُ يَجْعَلُ مَا زَرَعَهُ فِي مِقْدَارِ أَنْصِبَاءِ شُرَكَائِهِ مُقَاسَمَةً بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الْمُعْتَادِ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.