Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (30/95)

He was asked:

About a shepherd who had in his care a flock of sheep belonging to several owners. When funds were needed for their upkeep, he sold some of them and spent the proceeds on the remainder. The sheep sold belonged to some of the owners: some were left with none of their sheep, others with only a few, and others with many. Should they divide the remainder in proportion to their original capital, or should each owner take whatever remains of his own sheep?

He replied—may Allah have mercy on him:

Rather, they should divide the remainder in proportion to their original capital, or the owners of the remaining sheep should reimburse what was spent on their behalf, namely, the value of the sheep he sold.

He was asked—may Allah have mercy on him:

About two partners who jointly owned horses. A mare in the keeping of one of them died by Allah’s decree and predestination, and he had a formal record drawn up of its death.

He replied:

If one partner entrusted the mare to the other and it died while in his care, without any negligence or wrongful conduct on his part, he bears no liability.

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَاعٍ كَانَ مَعَهُ غَنَمٌ خَلْطًا وَاحْتَاجَتْ إلَى نَفَقَةٍ فَبَاعَ بَعْضَهَا وَأَنْفَقَهُ عَلَى الْبَاقِي. وَكَانَ الْمَبِيع مَالَ بَعْضِهِمْ. فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يَبْقَ مَنْ غَنَمِهِ شَيْءٌ. وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ بَقِيَ لَهُ قَلِيلٌ. وَمِنْهُمْ كَثِيرٌ. فَهَلْ يَقْتَسِمُونَ عَلَى قَدْرِ رُءُوسِ الْأَمْوَالِ؟ أَمْ كُلُّ مَنْ بَقِيَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يَأْخُذُهُ؟ فَأَجَابَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: بَلْ يَقْتَسِمُونَ الْبَاقِيَ عَلَى قَدْرِ رُءُوسِ الْأَمْوَالِ أَوْ يَغْرَمُ أَرْبَابُ الْبَاقِي مَا أَنْفَقَ عَنْهُمْ وَهُوَ قِيمَةُ مَا بَاعَهُ. وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ شَرِيكَيْنِ بَيْنَهُمْ خَيْلٌ وَكَانَ عِنْدَ أَحَدِهِمَا فَرَسٌ فَمَاتَتْ بِقَضَاءِ اللَّهِ وَقَدَرِهِ وَعَمِلَ بِمَوْتِهَا مَحْضَرًا؟ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا كَانَ أَحَدُ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ قَدْ سَلَّمَهَا إلَى الْآخَرِ وَتَلِفَتْ تَحْتَ يَدِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَفْرِيطٍ مِنْهُ وَلَا عُدْوَانٍ فَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهِ.