Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked—may Allah have mercy on him—about a man who jointly owned a cow with another person. The cow was kept by one of them, who used it and provided its fodder. His partner requested it so that they could settle their respective shares, but he refused, claimed two-thirds of the cow, and prevented the settlement.

He replied:

All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds. He must settle their respective shares in the cow. If either partner requests its sale, it must be sold, even against the other’s wishes, and they must divide the proceeds. This is the position of Abū Hanīfa, Mālik, Imam Ahmad, and others.

If the partner takes the milk and its value exactly equals the cost of the fodder, he owes nothing. If the benefit he derives from the cow exceeds the cost of the fodder, he must give his partner his share of the surplus. Allah knows best.

وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ شَارَكَ شَخْصًا فِي بَقَرَةٍ وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ أَحَدِهِمَا يَسْتَعْمِلُهَا وَيَعْلِفُهَا وَطَلَبَهَا شَرِيكُهُ يُفَاضِلُهُ فِيهَا فَأَبَى فَادَّعَى ثُلْثَيْ الْبَقَرَةِ وَمَنَعَ الْمُفَاضَلَةَ؟ . فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُفَاضِلَهُ فِيهَا وَإِذَا طَلَبَ أَحَدُ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ بَيْعَهَا بِيعَتْ عَلَيْهِمَا وَاقْتَسَمَا الثَّمَنَ وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَمَالِكٍ وَالْإِمَامِ أَحْمَد وَغَيْرِهِمْ. وَإِذَا كَانَ الشَّرِيكُ يَأْخُذُ اللَّبَنَ وَكَانَ اللَّبَنُ بِقَدْرِ الْعَلَفِ سَوَاءً فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ انْتِفَاعُهُ بِهَا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ الْعَلَفِ أَعْطَى شَرِيكَهُ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْ الْفَضْلِ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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