Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (30/92)

He was asked:

Two men jointly own a horse. Neither will sell his share to the other or buy the other’s share, nor does either keep the horse by the month, and it is being neglected between them. One of them lent it without his partner’s permission, and it died. Is the partner who lent it liable for his partner’s share or not?

He replied:

If they cannot agree that it should be kept by either of them or by a third party whom they choose, and neither asks the other to settle their joint ownership, the horse must be sold in its entirety and its price divided between them. Allah knows best.

He was asked:

Two men jointly own a horse. One permitted the other to walk it so that inactivity would not harm it, but did not permit him to drive it on. The latter allowed someone else to ride it, and it became ill as a result. Is he liable if it dies? Alternatively, must he compensate for its diminished value? Must he pay for any medicine it needs? The partner has been placed under legal restriction by the judge,

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ شَرِيكَيْنِ فِي فَرَسٍ. لَا يَتَبَايَعَانِ وَلَا يَشْتَرِيَانِ وَلَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَ أَحَدِهِمَا مُشَاهَرَةٌ وَالْفَرَسُ تَضِيعُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا أَعَارَهَا بِغَيْرِ إذْنِ شَرِيكِهِ فَهَلَكَتْ. هَلْ تَلْزَمُ الشَّرِيكَ الَّذِي أَعَارَ نَصِيبَ شَرِيكِهِ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا لَمْ يَتَّفِقَا أَنْ تَكُونَ عِنْدَ أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَا عِنْدَ ثَالِثٍ يَخْتَارَانِهِ لَهَا وَلَا طَلَبَ أَحَدُهُمَا مُفَاضَلَةَ الْآخَرِ فِيهَا: تُبَاعُ جَمِيعُ الْفَرَسِ وَيُقْسَمُ ثَمَنُهَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ بَيْنَهُمَا شَرِكَةٌ فِي فَرَسٍ. فَأَذِنَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِلْآخَرِ فِي سَيْرِهِ؛ لِئَلَّا يَضُرَّ بِهِ الْوُقُوفُ وَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهُ فِي سَوْقِهِ وَأَرْكَبَ غَيْرَهُ فَحَصَلَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ مَرَضٌ. فَهَلْ يَلْزَمُهُ إنْ مَاتَ؟ أَوْ يَلْزَمُهُ أَرْشُهُ بِالنَّقْصِ؟ وَهَلْ يَلْزَمُهُ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إلَيْهِ مِنْ دَوَاءٍ؟ وَالشَّرِيكُ مَحْجُورٌ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْحَاكِمِ