Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked:

A man entered into a trading partnership with some people without contributing any capital. Some of the partners have stated that the capital has suffered a loss. Is this man required to bear any of that loss or not?

He replied:

Praise be to Allah, Lord of all worlds. If they entered into a partnership on the understanding that some would contribute their labour, like the working partner in a capital-and-labour partnership, while others would contribute their capital, or both their capital and labour, and all or part of the capital was lost without any transgression or negligence by the partner contributing his labour, he is not liable for any of that capital. This applies whether the capital-and-labour partnership was valid or invalid, by scholarly agreement. And Allah knows best.

He was also asked:

A man had a large quantity of cloth. A travelling merchant proposed taking that cloth on the understanding that he would purchase an undivided half-share, leaving the other half with its owner, and that they would form a joint-capital partnership in it, each receiving half the profit. The owner informed him of the original cost and added to it, on both sides, an increment which they had agreed

وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ شَارَكَ قَوْمًا فِي مَتْجَرٍ بِغَيْرِ رَأْسِ مَالٍ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ بَعْضُ الشُّرَكَاءِ أَنَّ الْمَالَ غُرْمٌ. فَهَلْ يَلْزَمُ الْمَذْكُورَ غَرَامَةٌ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ . فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، إذَا اشْتَرَكُوا عَلَى أَنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ يَعْمَلُ بِبَدَنِهِ كَالْمُضَارِبِ وَبَعْضَهُمْ بِمَالِهِ أَوْ بِمَالِهِ وَبَدَنِهِ وَتَلِفَ الْمَالُ أَوْ بَعْضُهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُدْوَانٍ وَلَا تَفْرِيطٍ مِنْ الْعَامِلِ بِبَدَنِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانُ شَيْءٍ مِنْ الْمَالِ سَوَاءٌ كَانَتْ الْمُضَارَبَةُ صَحِيحَةٌ أَوْ فَاسِدَةٌ بِاتِّفَاقِ الْعُلَمَاءِ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ عِنْدَهُ قُمَاشٌ كَثِيرٌ فَطَلَبَ رَجُلٌ تَاجِرٌ سفار أَنْ يَأْخُذَ ذَلِكَ الْقُمَاشَ عَلَى أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ النِّصْفَ مَشَاعًا وَيُبْقِيَ النِّصْفَ الْآخَرَ لِصَاحِبِهِ يَشْتَرِكَانِ فِيهِ شَرِكَةَ عَنَانٍ وَيَكُونُ لِهَذَا نِصْفُ الرِّبْحِ وَلِهَذَا نِصْفُ الرِّبْحِ وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِرَأْسِ الْمَالِ وَزَادَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ الْجَانِبَيْنِ زِيَادَةً اتَّفَقَا

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