Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He replied:

Her father has no right to manage her property for his own benefit. Indeed, if he does so, this impairs his fitness to act as her guardian, and he must be barred from exercising guardianship over her, including placing her under legal interdiction. If, however, he is fit to act as her guardian and manages her property solely for her benefit, not his own, his guardianship over her is conditional upon her continued financial imprudence. Once she develops sound financial judgment, her interdiction ends regardless of his wishes. If she produces evidence of her sound financial judgment, a ruling must be issued terminating his guardianship over her. She is entitled to require him to swear that he does not know her to possess sound financial judgment, if he seeks this without producing evidence. Allah knows best.

He was asked:

A woman claimed that she was under legal interdiction, although her husband had not known this. He then divorced her, and she released him from his financial obligation to her. She subsequently married another man, after which a claim was brought against the first husband for the dowry on the grounds that she was under legal interdiction. Is this claim to be accepted?

He—may Allah have mercy on him—replied:

The claim is not accepted merely on her assertion that she is under legal interdiction. Rather, if she conducts her affairs as a person of sound financial judgment would, then she possesses sound financial judgment and her sales are legally effective, even if she is under legal interdiction. If she produces evidence that she possesses sound financial judgment, her voluntary waiver is fully effective. Allah knows best.

فَأَجَابَ: لَيْسَ لِأَبِيهَا أَنْ يَتَصَرَّفَ لِنَفْسِهِ بَلْ إذَا كَانَ مُتَصَرِّفًا فِي مَالِهَا لِنَفْسِهِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ قَادِحًا فِي أَهْلِيَّتِهِ وَمُنِعَ مِنْ الْوِلَايَةِ عَلَيْهَا كَالْحَجْرِ. وَأَمَّا إنْ كَانَ أَهْلًا لِلْوِلَايَةِ وَإِنَّمَا يَتَصَرَّفُ لَهَا بِمَا فِيهِ الْحَظُّ لَهَا لَا لَهُ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ الْوِلَايَةُ عَلَيْهَا إلَّا بِشَرْطِ دَوَامِ السَّفَهِ فَإِنَّهَا إذَا رَشَدَتْ زَالَ حَجْرُهَا بِغَيْرِ اخْتِيَارِهِ. وَإِذَا أَقَامَتْ بَيِّنَةً بِرُشْدِهَا حُكِمَ بِرَفْعِ وِلَايَتِهِ عَنْهَا وَلَهَا عَلَيْهِ الْيَمِينُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَعْلَمُ رُشْدَهَا إذَا طَلَبَ ذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يُقِمْ بَيِّنَةً. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ زَوْجَةٍ لِرَجُلِ ادَّعَتْ أَنَّهَا تَحْتَ الْحَجْرِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ الزَّوْجُ يَعْلَمُ بِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا وَأَبْرَأَتْهُ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْ بِرَجُلِ آخَرَ ثُمَّ ادَّعَى عَلَى الْأَوَّلِ بِالصَّدَاقِ لِكَوْنِهَا تَحْتَ الْحَجْرِ. فَهَلْ يُقْبَلُ ذَلِكَ؟ . فَأَجَابَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: لَا يُقْبَلُ بِمُجَرَّدِ دَعْوَاهَا أَنَّهَا تَحْتَ الْحَجْرِ بَلْ إذَا كَانَتْ تَتَصَرَّفُ تَصَرُّفَ الرَّشِيدِ فَهِيَ رَشِيدَةٌ نَافِذَةُ الْبُيُوعِ وَلَوْ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ الْحَجْرِ فَإِذَا أَقَامَتْ بَيِّنَةً أَنَّهَا رَشِيدَةٌ فَقَدْ تَمَّ تَبَرُّعُهَا، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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