Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (30/42)

He replied:

The brother has authority over her with regard to enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong. If she does something unlawful, he must forbid her from doing it. As for placing her under legal restriction if she lacks sound judgment, her appointed guardian may do so, if she has one. Otherwise, the judge places her under legal restriction, and her brother may bring her case before the judge.

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked:

A man has a seven-year-old son. Another man put the boy on a riding animal without his father’s permission or knowledge. The animal kicked the child, threw him off, and ran away from him. The man then lodged a complaint against the child’s father and had a document drawn up against him alleging wrongful appropriation of an animal of this kind. Is the father liable for anything?

Answer

He replied:

If the father played no part in causing this incident, he bears no liability. Nor does the document drawn up against him under duress impose any obligation upon him, for it was the animal’s owner who instructed the child to ride it, without any involvement on the father’s part.

فَأَجَابَ: لِلْأَخِ الْوِلَايَةُ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنْ الْمُنْكَرِ فَإِذَا فَعَلَتْ مَا لَا يَحِلُّ لَهَا نَهَاهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ. وَأَمَّا الْحَجْرُ عَلَيْهَا إنْ كَانَتْ سَفِيهَةً فَلِوَصِيِّهَا إنْ كَانَ لَهَا وَصِيٌّ الْحَجْرُ عَلَيْهَا وَإِلَّا فَالْحَاكِمُ يَحْجُرُ عَلَيْهَا وَلِأَخِيهَا أَنْ يَرْفَعَ أَمْرَهَا إلَى الْحَاكِمِ. وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ وَلَدٌ عُمْرُهُ سَبْعُ سِنِينَ وَأَنَّ رَجُلًا أَرْكَبَهُ دَابَّةً بِغَيْرِ إذْنِ الْوَالِدِ وَلَا أَعْلَمَهُ فَرَفَسَتْ الدَّابَّةُ الصَّغِيرَ وَرَمَتْهُ وَهَرَبَتْ مِنْهُ فَاشْتَكَى الرَّجُلُ أَبَا الصَّغِيرِ وَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ حُجَّةَ غَصْبِ نَحْوِ الدَّابَّةِ. فَهَلْ يَضْمَنُ الْوَالِدُ شَيْئًا؟ . الْجَوَابُ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ الْوَالِدُ لَهُ سَبَبٌ فِي هَذِهِ الْقَضِيَّةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَلَا يَلْزَمُهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ الْحُجَّةِ الَّتِي كُتِبَتْ عَلَيْهِ كُرْهًا؛ فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ الدَّابَّةِ هُوَ الَّذِي أَمَرَ الصَّغِيرَ بِرُكُوبِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ سَعْيِ الْوَالِدِ.