Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was also asked:

A man owes a debt, and a claim has been brought against him before the judge, who has placed him under guard. He says, “I will remain under guard until I sell my property and repay the debt.” His creditor, however, says, “You must be imprisoned.” Is it permissible to imprison him, or must his creditor remain with him until he sells his property and repays his debt?

He replied:

Rather, if he asks to be allowed to sell enough property to repay his debt, he must be allowed to do so. Imprisonment that would prevent him from doing so is not required. The Muslims are agreed on this. And Allah knows best.

He was also asked:

An insolvent man has a family to support and fears that his creditor will have him detained, leaving him and his family destitute. He intends to repay the debt if Allah grants him sufficient means. If, at such a moment, he denies the debt and swears an oath to that effect, is he sinful or not?

He replied:

It is not lawful for him to deny his creditor’s right or to swear that he owes him nothing. Rather, he must acknowledge his creditor’s right, explain his insolvency, and seek Allah Most High’s forgiveness.

“Whoever fears Allah, He will make a way out for him”

“and provide for him from where he does not expect.”

And Allah knows best.

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ وَادَّعَى عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَ الْحَاكِمِ وَرَسَمَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: أَقْعُدُ فِي التَّرْسِيمِ حَتَّى أَبِيعَ مَالِي وَأُوَفِّيَ الدَّيْنَ فَقَالَ الْغَرِيمُ: لَا بُدَّ مِنْ حَبْسِك. فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ حَبْسُهُ؟ أَمْ يَلْزَمُهُ حَتَّى يَبِيعَ وَيُوَفِّيَ دَيْنَهُ؟ فَأَجَابَ: بَلْ إذَا طَلَبَ أَنْ يُمَكَّنَ مِنْ بَيْعِ مَا يُوَفِّي دَيْنَهُ وَجَبَ تَمْكِينُهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ حَبْسُهُ الْعَائِقُ لَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. وَهَذَا بِاتِّفَاقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُعْسِرٍ - وَلَهُ عَائِلَةٌ وَخَشِيَ مِنْ صَاحِبِ الدَّيْنِ أَنْ يَعْتَقِلَهُ وَيَضِيعَ هُوَ وَعَائِلَتُهُ وَنَوَى أَنَّهُ إذَا وَسَّعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ أَعْطَاهُ دَيْنَهُ - إذَا أَنْكَرَهُ فِي سَاعَةٍ وَحَلَفَ: هَلْ عَلَيْهِ إثْمٌ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَجْحَدَ حَقَّهُ وَلَا يَحْلِفَ أَنَّهُ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ؛ بَلْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُقِرَّ بِحَقِّهِ وَيَذْكُرَ عُسْرَتَهُ وَيَسْتَغْفِرَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى. {وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا} {وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَسِبُ} . وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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