Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

A man purchased property from the public treasury in Egypt through a valid transaction under Islamic law and began building. Someone interfered and prevented him from building. Is that person entitled to do so?

He answered:

All praise is due to Allah. If a man builds on his own property without infringing his neighbour’s rights, but the neighbour fears that other people will occupy the new building and thereby reduce the rent of the existing building, the neighbour may not prevent him on that account. There is no disagreement among the scholars concerning this.

He was asked:

A man owned a property that was in danger of collapse. He was warned of this but refused to demolish it. It then collapsed onto a child and crushed him. Is the owner liable for compensation or not?

He answered:

According to one of the two scholarly opinions, he is liable for compensation because he was negligent in failing to remove this danger. Liability rests with the legally competent owner if he is present, with his agent if he is absent, or with his guardian if he is under legal interdiction.

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ بِمِصْرِ شِرَاءً صَحِيحًا شَرْعِيًّا وَبَنَى فَتَعَرَّضَ لَهُ إنْسَانٌ وَمَنَعَهُ مِنْ الْبِنَاءِ فَهَلْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ؟ فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، إذَا بَنَى فِي مِلْكِهِ بِنَاءً لَمْ يَتَعَدَّ بِهِ عَلَى الْجَارِ؛ لَكِنْ يَخَافُ أَنْ يَسْكُنَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ الْجَدِيدِ نَاسٌ آخَرُونَ فَيَنْقُصُ كِرَاءُ الْأَوَّلِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَنْعُهُ لِأَجْلِ ذَلِكَ. بِلَا نِزَاعٍ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ مِلْكٌ وَهُوَ وَاقِعٌ فَأَعْلَمُوهُ بِوُقُوعِهِ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَنْقُضَهُ ثُمَّ وَقَعَ عَلَى صَغِيرٍ فَهَشَّمَهُ هَلْ يَضْمَنُ؟ أَوْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: هَذَا يَجِبُ الضَّمَانُ عَلَيْهِ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْ الْعُلَمَاءِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مُفَرِّطٌ فِي عَدَمِ إزَالَةِ هَذَا الضَّرَرِ وَالضَّمَانُ عَلَى الْمَالِكِ الرَّشِيدِ الْحَاضِرِ أَوْ وَكِيلِهِ إنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا أَوْ وَلِيِّهِ إنْ كَانَ مَحْجُورًا عَلَيْهِ.

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