Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

A jointly owned orchard was divided between two partners. One wished to build a wall between his property and his partner’s, but the partner refused to let him build on his land. Who must bear the cost of construction?

He answered:

The partner who refuses must be compelled to build the wall on both partners’ portions of land, if both need a screen between them.

He was also asked:

If, in the same situation, one partner refused to join the other in building, and the other built the wall at his own expense, placing part of its foundation on each partner’s share, may he prevent the partner who did not contribute from using the wall—for example, placing something on it or building upon it?

He answered:

Even if the wall belonged exclusively to one of them, he would not be entitled to prevent his neighbour from making use of it in a way that the neighbour needs and that does not harm the wall’s owner. Allah knows best.

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ بُسْتَانٍ بَيْنَ شَرِيكَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَسَمَاهُ فَأَرَادَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنْ يَبْنِيَ حَائِطَهُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ شَرِيكِهِ فَامْتَنَعَ الشَّرِيكُ أَنْ يُخَلِّيَهُ يَبْنِي فِي أَرْضِهِ، وَعَلَى مَنْ غَرَامَةُ الْبِنَاءِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: يُجْبَرُ الْمُمْتَنِعُ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ الْجِدَارَ فِي الْحَقَّيْنِ مِنْ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ جَمِيعًا إذَا كَانَا مُحْتَاجَيْنِ إلَى السُّتْرَةِ. وَسُئِلَ أَيْضًا: فَلَوْ كَانَتْ الْمَسْأَلَةُ بِحَالِهَا فَإِنْ امْتَنَعَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنْ يَبْنِيَ مَعَ شَرِيكِهِ وَبَنَاهُ أَحَدُهُمَا بِمَالِهِ لَكِنَّهُ وَضَعَ بَعْضَ أَسَاسِهِ مِنْ سَهْمِ هَذَا وَبَعْضَهُ مِنْ سَهْمِ هَذَا فَهَلْ لَهُ أَنْ يَمْنَعَ الَّذِي لَمْ يَبْنِ مَعَهُ أَنْ يَنْتَفِعَ بِالْجِدَارِ؟ مِثْلَ أَنْ يَضَعَ جَارُهُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا أَوْ يَبْنِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: لَوْ كَانَ الْجِدَارُ مُخْتَصًّا بِأَحَدِهِمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَمْنَعَ جَارَهُ مِنْ الِانْتِفَاعِ بِمَا يَحْتَاجُ إلَيْهِ الْجَارُ وَلَا يَضُرَّ بِصَاحِبِ الْجِدَارِ، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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