Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked:

A group of people had someone stand surety to a man, the guarantor’s undertaking being to produce the person concerned at the court’s prison. Can the man require them to bring that person to his house?

He replied:

If the guarantor hands him over to the creditor in the court’s prison, he is thereby discharged and is not obliged to have him taken out of prison for the creditor. Rather, the creditor may then claim and recover what is owed to him in accordance with Islamic law, even while the debtor is imprisoned. The judge may have him brought out of prison to litigate with his creditor, then return him there. None of the leading Muslim jurists holds that the guarantor is obliged to bring him to the creditor while he is in the court’s prison.

He also replied:

If the guarantor whom they charged with securing the person’s appearance hands him over in the court’s prison, they are discharged from the guarantee. Those to whom he owes obligations may then recover their due from him. If they need to bring a claim against him, they must be allowed to have him brought before the court and pursue their claim against him. This is the position of the leading Muslim jurists, including Mālik, Ahmad, and others.

وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ ضَمَّنُوا شَخْصًا لِرَجُلِ وَكَانَ الضَّامِنُ ضَامِنًا وَجْهَ الْمَضْمُونِ فِي حَبْسِ الشَّرْعِ، فَهَلْ يُلْزِمُهُمْ بِإِحْضَارِهِ إلَى بَيْتِهِ؟ . فَأَجَابَ: إذَا سَلَّمَهُ إلَيْهِ فِي حَبْسِ الشَّرْعِ بَرِئَ بِذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يَلْزَمْهُ إخْرَاجُهُ مِنْ الْحَبْسِ لَهُ؛ لَكِنَّ الْمَضْمُونَ لَهُ يَطْلُبُ حَقَّهُ مِنْهُ وَيَسْتَوْفِيهِ بِحُكْمِ الشَّرْعِ حِينَئِذٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الْحَبْسِ وَلِلْحَاكِمِ أَنْ يُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ الْحَبْسِ حَتَّى يُحَاكِمَ غَرِيمَهُ ثُمَّ يُعِيدَهُ إلَيْهِ. وَلَا يَلْزَمُهُ إحْضَارُهُ إلَيْهِ وَهُوَ فِي حَبْسِ الشَّرْعِ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَأَجَابَ أَيْضًا: إذَا سَلَّمَهُ ضَامِنُ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي ضَمَّنُوهُ ضَمَانَ إحْضَارٍ فِي حَبْسِ الشَّرْعِ؛ فَقَدْ بَرِئُوا مِنْ الضَّمَانِ وَكَانَ لِأَهْلِ الْحَقِّ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْتَوْفُوا حَقَّهُمْ مِنْهُ حِينَئِذٍ وَإِنْ احْتَاجُوا إلَى الدَّعْوَى عَلَيْهِ مُكِّنُوا مِنْ إخْرَاجِهِ إلَى مَجْلِسِ الْحُكْمِ وَالدَّعْوَى عَلَيْهِ. هَذَا مَذْهَبُ أَئِمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَمَالِكٍ وَأَحْمَد وَغَيْرِهِمَا.

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