Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (29/543)

ultimate liability rests with him. But if he was misled and the loss was not caused by him, ultimate liability rests with the first man, who misled him and undertook to indemnify him against any resulting liability. And Allah knows best.

He was asked:

A man held property as security for a debt. Its owner then sold it, and the pledgee wished to establish the validity of the pledge agreement and have the sale rescinded. Against whom should he bring his claim?

He replied:

Property subject to a binding pledge may not be sold without the pledgee’s permission. The pledgee may demand repayment from the debtor who pledged it, if the debt has fallen due. He may also demand the return of the pledged property or satisfaction of his claim from it. He may pursue either its seller or its buyer. However, if the buyer was misled, ultimate liability rests with the seller, who must compensate for the rental value of the property sold. If the buyer knew the circumstances, he is a wrongdoer and is liable for the value of its use.

فَقَرَارُ الضَّمَانِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَغْرُورًا وَلَمْ يُتْلَفْ بِسَبَبٍ مِنْهُ فَقَرَارُ الضَّمَانِ عَلَى الْأَوَّلِ الَّذِي غَرَّهُ وَضَمِنَ لَهُ الدَّرْكَ، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَحْتَ يَدِهِ رَهْنٌ عَلَى دَيْنٍ ثُمَّ بَاعَهُ مَالِكُهُ فَأَرَادَ الْمُرْتَهِنُ أَنْ يُثْبِتَ عَقْدَ الرَّهْنِ وَيَفْسَخَ الْبَيْعَ فَعَلَى مَنْ يَدَّعِي؟ فَأَجَابَ: بَيْعُ الرَّهْنِ اللَّازِمِ بِدُونِ إذْنِ الْمُرْتَهِنِ لَا يَجُوزُ وَلِلْمُرْتَهِنِ أَنْ يَطْلُبَ دَيْنَهُ مِنْ الرَّاهِنِ الْمَدِينِ إنْ كَانَ قَدْ حَلَّ وَلَهُ أَنْ يَطْلُبَ عَوْدَ الرَّهْنِ أَوْ اسْتِيفَاءَ حَقِّهِ مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ طَالَبَ الْبَائِعَ لَهُ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ طَالَبَ الْمُشْتَرِيَ لَهُ لَكِنَّ؛ الْمُشْتَرِيَ إنْ كَانَ مَغْرُورًا فَقَرَارُ الضَّمَانِ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانُ أُجْرَةِ الْمَبِيعِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَالِمًا بِصُورَةِ الْحَالِ فَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانُ الْمَنْفَعَةِ.