Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

A man pledged his house, then made a witnessed acknowledgment that he had given the house to his wife in settlement of her entitlement ten years earlier. Does this invalidate the pledge? May the pledgee rent out the house?

He replied:

Praise be to Allah, Lord of all worlds.

A pledgor’s acknowledgment is not accepted insofar as it would invalidate the pledge, even if it is said that, when he makes an acknowledgment concerning the pledged property, the person in whose favor it is made undoubtedly has the right to invalidate the pledge on the strength of that acknowledgment. For if he acknowledges that the pledged property belonged to someone else and that he pledged it without that person’s permission, this alone does not invalidate the pledge. And Allah knows best.

He was asked:

A man is owed a debt by someone who has given him property as security for it. The debt is due, and the creditor needs his money. May he sell the pledged property or not?

He replied:

If the debtor has authorized him to sell it, he may do so. Otherwise, the judge should sell it, if possible, and pay him what he is owed from the proceeds.

Some scholars say that, if this is not possible, he may hand it over to a trustworthy person to sell it, taking the precaution of having this witnessed, and recover what he is owed from the proceeds. And Allah knows best.

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَرْهَنَ دَارَهُ ثُمَّ أَشْهَدَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنَّهُ عِوَضُ امْرَأَتِهِ بِالدَّارِ عَنْ حَقِّهَا مِنْ مُدَّةِ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ فَهَلْ يَبْطُلُ الرَّهْنُ؟ وَهَلْ يَجُوزُ لِلْمُرْتَهِنِ أَنْ يُؤَجِّرَ الدَّارَ؟ فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا يُقْبَلُ إقْرَارُ الرَّاهِنِ بِمَا يُبْطِلُ الرَّهْنَ وَإِنْ قِيلَ: إنَّهُ إذَا أَقَرَّ بِالرَّهْنِ فَلِلْمُقِرِّ لَهُ أَنْ يُبْطِلَهُ بِمُوجِبِ إقْرَارِهِ بِلَا رَيْبٍ لِأَنَّهُ إذَا أَقَرَّ أَنَّ الرَّهْنَ كَانَ مِلْكًا لِغَيْرِهِ وَأَنَّهُ رَهَنَهُ بِدُونِ إذْنِهِ لَمْ يَبْطُلْ الرَّهْنُ بِمُجَرَّدِ ذَلِكَ، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَمَّنْ لَهُ عَلَى شَخْصٍ دَيْنٌ وَأَرْهَنَ عَلَيْهِ رَهْنًا وَالدَّيْنُ حَالٌّ وَرَبُّ الدَّيْنِ مُحْتَاجٌ إلَى دَرَاهِمِهِ، فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ بَيْعُ الرَّهْنِ؟ أَمْ لَا؟ فَأَجَابَ: إذَا كَانَ أَذِنَ لَهُ فِي بَيْعِهِ جَازَ وَإِلَّا بَاعَ الْحَاكِمُ إنْ أَمْكَنَ وَوَفَّاهُ حَقَّهُ مِنْهُ، وَمِنْ الْعُلَمَاءِ مَنْ يَقُولُ: إذَا تَعَذَّرَ ذَلِكَ دَفَعَهُ إلَى ثِقَةٍ يَبِيعُهُ وَيَحْتَاطُ بِالْإِشْهَادِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَيَسْتَوْفِي حَقَّهُ مِنْهُ، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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