He also said—may Allah have mercy on him:

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“Fair compensation” is an expression frequently used by scholars. It is indispensable to the justice through which well-being in this world and the Hereafter is secured, and is thus a pillar of the Sharia. Related expressions include “fair value,” “fair remuneration,” “the dower customary for comparable women,” and the like. Thus, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Whoever frees his share in a slave, while possessing enough wealth to cover the slave’s price, must have the slave fairly valued, with neither undervaluation nor excess. He must pay his co-owners their shares, and the slave becomes entirely free at his expense.”

Another hadith relates that he awarded Birwaʿ bint Wāshiq the dower customary for women comparable to her, with neither deficiency nor excess.

Fair compensation is needed in assessing liability for the loss of life, property, sexual rights, and benefits; in liabilities requiring an equivalent in property, benefits, and certain cases involving human life; and in liabilities arising from invalid and valid contracts, for the purpose of assessing compensation for injury to persons and damage to property.