Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

damage to property.

As for the claim that their being concealed makes this a sale involving undue uncertainty, that is not so. If the visible part of the goods indicates the nature of what remains unseen, the sale is permissible by the consensus of Muslims, as in the sale of real estate and animals. Likewise, where inspecting something in its entirety would cause hardship, it is sufficient to inspect as much as possible, as with the sale of walls, foods whose edible parts are concealed within, pregnant animals, and other such things. The correct view is that sales of this kind are permissible. And Allah knows best.

He was asked:

Is it permissible to sell turnips, carrots, taro and similar crops while they are still underground?

He answered:

Regarding the sale of crops planted in the ground whose leaves are visible, such as turnips, carrots, taro, radishes, garlic, onions and the like, scholars hold two views.

The first is that it is not permissible. This is the well-known position among the followers of al-Shāfiʿī, Ahmad and others. They argue that these are goods not present which have neither been seen nor described, so selling them is impermissible, just as with other goods not present. This falls within the prohibition issued by the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace

فَسَادِ الْأَمْوَالِ. وَأَمَّا كَوْنُ ذَلِكَ مُغَيَّبًا فَيَكُونُ غَرَرًا: فَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ؛ بَلْ إذَا رُئِيَ مِنْ الْمَبِيعِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا لَمْ يُرَ جَازَ الْبَيْعُ بِاتِّفَاقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ: فِي مِثْلِ بَيْعِ الْعَقَارِ وَالْحَيَوَانِ. وَكَذَلِكَ مَا يَحْصُلُ الْحَرَجُ بِمَعْرِفَةِ جَمِيعِهِ يُكْتَفَى بِرُؤْيَةِ مَا يُمْكِنُ مِنْهُ كَمَا فِي بَيْعِ الْحِيطَانِ. وَمَا مَأْكُولِهِ فِي جَوْفِهِ وَالْحَيَوَانِ الْحَامِلِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَالصَّوَابُ جَوَازُ بَيْعِ مِثْلِ هَذَا. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ بَيْعِ مَا فِي بَطْنِ الْأَرْضِ مِنْ اللِّفْتِ وَالْجَزَرِ وَالْقُلْقَاسِ وَنَحْوِهِ: هَلْ يَجُوزُ أَمْ لَا. فَأَجَابَ: أَمَّا بَيْعُ الْمَغْرُوسِ فِي الْأَرْضِ الَّذِي يَظْهَرُ وَرَقُهُ كَاللِّفْتِ وَالْجَزَرِ وَالْقُلْقَاسِ وَالْفُجْلِ وَالثُّومِ وَالْبَصَلِ وَشِبْهِ ذَلِكَ فَفِيهِ قَوْلَانِ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ. أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ كَمَا هُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَد وَغَيْرِهِمَا. قَالُوا: لِأَنَّ هَذِهِ أَعْيَانٌ غَائِبَةٌ لَمْ تُرَ وَلَمْ تُوصَفْ فَلَا يَجُوزُ بَيْعُهَا كَغَيْرِهَا مِنْ الْأَعْيَانِ الْغَائِبَةِ؛ وَذَلِكَ دَاخِلٌ فِي نَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ

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