Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was also asked—may Allah have mercy on him:

About a man who extends credit to people at one hundred and forty for every hundred, treating it as an advance payment for silk. When payment falls due and the debtor cannot repay him, he says to him, “Enter into another transaction with me.” The owner of the silk then takes some from him and says to the debtor, “You have bought some of this silk for one hundred and ninety,” though he charges him at the rate of one hundred and forty for every hundred.

Once the debtor has taken possession of it, he says, “Give me this silk in settlement of the advance payment I made to you.” When the second year comes, he demands the aforementioned dirhams. If the debtor cannot pay all or part of them, he says, “Enter into another transaction with me.” He then calculates the outstanding balance and the principal, treating that as an advance payment for silk. What must this man do?

He replied:

This is precisely the usury concerning which the Quran was revealed. A man would be owed a debt by another. When it fell due, he would approach him and say, “Either repay or increase the debt.” If he repaid, well and good; otherwise, the debtor would increase the amount owed, and the creditor would extend the repayment period, until the sum multiplied.

Allah Most High therefore revealed:

“O you who believe, fear Allah and give up what remains of usury, if you are believers.”

“But if you do not, then be warned of war from Allah and His Messenger. But if you repent, you shall have

وَسُئِلَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُدَايِنُ النَّاسَ كُلَّ مِائَةٍ بِمِائَةِ وَأَرْبَعِينَ وَيَجْعَلُ سَلَفًا عَلَى حَرِيرٍ فَإِذَا جَاءَ الْأَجَلُ وَأُعْسِرَ الْمَدْيُونُ عَنْ وَفَائِهِ قَالَ لَهُ: عَامِلْنِي فَيَأْخُذُ رَبُّ الْحَرِيرِ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ وَيَقُولُ لِلْمَدْيُونِ: اشْتَرَيْت مِنْ هَذَا الْحَرِيرِ بِمِائَةِ وَتِسْعِينَ إلَّا أَنَّهُ يَأْتِيهِ عَلَى حِسَابِ كُلِّ مِائَةٍ بِمِائَةِ وَأَرْبَعِينَ. وَإِذَا قَبَضَهُ الْمَدْيُونُ مِنْهُ قَالَ: أَوْفِنِي هَذَا الْحَرِيرَ عَنْ السَّلَفِ الَّذِي لِي عِنْدَك. وَإِذَا جَاءَتْ السَّنَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ طَالَبَهُ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ فَأُعْسِرَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ بَعْضُهَا. قَالَ: عَامِلْنِي فَيَحْسِبُ الْمُتَبَقِّيَ وَالْأَصْلَ وَيَجْعَلُ ذَلِكَ سَلَفًا عَلَى حَرِيرٍ. فَمَا يَجِبُ عَلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: هَذَا هُوَ عَيْنُ الرِّبَا الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ. فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الدَّيْنُ فَيَأْتِي إلَيْهِ عِنْدَ مَحَلِّ الْأَجَلِ فَيَقُولُ: إمَّا أَنْ تَقْضِيَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُرْبِيَ فَإِنْ وَفَّاهُ وَإِلَّا زَادَهُ الْمَدِينُ فِي الدَّيْنِ وَزَادَهُ الْغَرِيمُ فِي الْأَجَلِ حَتَّى يَتَضَاعَفَ الْمَالُ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ} {فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ

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