Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

A woman bought a piece of cloth to sew, but later found that it was unfinished and had tears in it. Must the merchant accept it if she returns it to him?

He replied:

She may demand compensation from him for the pre-existing defect. If its value has decreased because of a defect she herself caused, she may return it while compensating him for the newly caused defect, according to the more correct of the two scholarly opinions. And Allah knows best.

He was asked:

A man sold property belonging to a daughter under his guardianship for one thousand and eighty dirhams—under an arrangement requiring its return upon repayment of the price—although it was worth four thousand dirhams. The witnesses testified and stated in the written document that the seller’s daughter had authorized the sale, although they had not been in her presence and had no clear knowledge of her circumstances. Is this sale valid?

He replied:

Praise be to Allah. Such a sale is invalid, and the purchase price must be returned. It is not permissible for a father to sell at such a gross undervalue. In the case of a woman under legal guardianship, no validity attaches to

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ امْرَأَةٍ اشْتَرَتْ خِرْقَةً تَخِيطُهَا ثُمَّ بَعْد ذَلِكَ وَجَدْتهَا خامية وَفِيهَا فَزُور فَهَلْ تَلْزَمُ التَّاجِرَ إنْ رِدَّتَهَا إلَيْهِ؟ فَأَجَابَ: لَهَا أَنْ تُطَالِبَهُ بِأَرْشِ الْعَيْبِ الْقَدِيمِ وَإِذَا كَانَ قَدْ نَقَصَ بِمَا أَحْدَثَتْهُ فِيهِ مِنْ الْعَيْبِ كَانَ لَهَا الرَّدُّ مَعَ أَرْشِ الْعَيْبِ الْحَادِثِ فِي أَصَحِّ قَوْلَيْ الْعُلَمَاءِ. وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَاعَ مِلْكًا لِابْنَةٍ تَحْتَ حِجْرِهِ بِأَلْفِ وَثَمَانِينَ - بَيْعَ أَمَانَةٍ - وَهُوَ يُسَاوِي أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَشَهِدَتْ الشُّهُودُ وَذَكَرُوا فِي الْمَكْتُوبِ أَنَّ ابْنَةَ الْبَائِعِ أَذِنَتْ فِي الْبَيْعِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ الشُّهُودُ حَضَرُوهَا وَلَا لَهَا جَلِيَّةٌ عِنْدَهُمْ. فَهَلْ يَصِحُّ هَذَا الْبَيْعُ؟ فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، بَيْعُ الْأَمَانَةِ بَيْعٌ بَاطِلٌ وَالْوَاجِبُ رَدُّ الْعِوَضِ وَبَيْعُ الْأَبِ مِثْلُهُ هَذَا الْغَبْنُ الْعَظِيمُ لَا يَجُوزُ وَالْمَحْجُورُ عَلَيْهَا لَا يَصِحُّ

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