If the purchaser claims that the wheat perished because of a defect it already had, but others who bought some of the same wheat testify that it was free of defects, the purchaser’s claim is not accepted. Even if the seller has no evidence, his word is accepted upon his oath, unless the purchaser produces evidence.

Furthermore, if experts state that defective wheat does not grow normally, whereas this wheat grew normally and subsequently failed, that constitutes evidence in the seller’s favour.

He was asked:

A man sold his wife a house for four hundred dirhams in a sale subject to redemption. She has already recovered the money through rental income. May she take anything further, having received the four hundred? Is that forbidden to her?

He replied:

Praise be to Allah alone. The purpose of this and similar arrangements is for one party to advance money to another and receive the income from the property in return for the use of that money. As long as the recipient remains liable for the money, the other party receives the property’s income; when the recipient repays the money, he takes back the property. An arrangement of this kind is impermissible by the consensus of the Muslims. If this is their intention, but they give the transaction the outward form of a sale, it is likewise impermissible according to the more correct of the two scholarly opinions. Even according to those who regard it as valid, the sale must satisfy the requirements of Islamic law. Thus, if he stipulates that