Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

public-interest arrangement by joining them in the work they undertake at fair market value. Thus, others are prevented from selling goods above the fair market price and may sell them only if they undertake to sell to one of those participating in the arrangement. A person may be unable to do that.

It may be said:

These are two forms of injustice: compelling a person to sell and requiring him to sell at the fair market price. This entails harm. If people’s affairs can proceed properly without this arrangement, such harm may not be tolerated without an outweighing benefit. If, however, without it people cannot obtain sufficient food and similar necessities, or can obtain them only at high prices, whereas this arrangement provides them with sufficient supplies at the fair market price, then this public benefit warrants tolerating the restrictions mentioned above.

As for compelling people to enter such an arrangement, this requires further distinction. When people are in pressing need of the goods or services someone possesses, he must make them available at fair market value. He is also prevented from withholding a commodity from sale until he has sold a specified quantity. This is not the place to discuss these questions in detail.

With this understood, someone who undertakes to pay a levy to the authority imposing it, on condition that he alone may sell the commodity and may sell it at whatever price he chooses, undoubtedly commits injustice of the same kind as that involved in governmental levies, in both respects previously mentioned. For this reason, those who disapproved of dealing with such a person did so because of the doubt concerning the lawfulness of his wealth. If he alone sells, at whatever price he chooses, it is as though he compels people to buy from him at his chosen price, thus taking from them more than they rightfully owe

الْمَصْلَحَةِ الْعَامَّةِ بِأَنْ يُشَارِكَهُمْ فِيمَا يَقُومُونَ بِهِ بِقِيمَةِ الْمِثْلِ فَيَكُونُ الْغَيْرُ قَدْ مُنِعَ أَنْ يَبِيعَ سِلْعَةً بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَمَنِ الْمِثْلِ وَأَنْ لَا يَبِيعَهَا إلَّا إذَا الْتَزَمَ أَنْ يَبِيعَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ. وَقَدْ يَكُونُ عَاجِزًا عَنْ ذَلِكَ. وَقَدْ يُقَالُ: هَذَانِ نَوْعَانِ مِنْ الظُّلْمِ: إلْزَامُ الشَّخْصِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ وَأَنْ يَكُونَ بَيْعُهُ بِثَمَنِ الْمِثْلِ وَفِي هَذَا فَسَادٌ. وَحِينَئِذٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ أَمْرُ النَّاسِ صَالِحًا بِدُونِ هَذَا لَمْ يَجُزْ احْتِمَالُ هَذَا الْفَسَادِ بِلَا مَصْلَحَةٍ رَاجِحَةٍ وَأَمَّا إنْ كَانَ بِدُونِ هَذَا لَا يَحْصُلُ لِلنَّاسِ مَا يَكْفِيهِمْ مِنْ الطَّعَامِ وَنَحْوِهِ أَوْ لَا يَلْقَوْنَ ذَلِكَ إلَّا بِأَثْمَانٍ مُرْتَفِعَةٍ وَبِذَلِكَ يَحْصُلُ مَا يَكْفِيهِمْ بِثَمَنِ الْمِثْلِ. فَهَذِهِ الْمَصْلَحَةُ الْعَامَّةُ يُغْتَفَرُ فِي جَانِبِهَا مَا ذُكِرَ مِنْ الْمَنْعِ. وَأَمَّا إذَا أُلْزِمَ النَّاسُ بِذَلِكَ فَهَذَا فِيهِ تَفْصِيلٌ؛ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ إذَا اُضْطُرُّوا إلَى مَا عِنْدَ الْإِنْسَانِ مِنْ السِّلْعَةِ وَالْمَنْفَعَةِ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُبْذَلَ لَهُمْ بِقِيمَةِ الْمِثْلِ وَمَنْعُهُ أَنْ لَا يَبِيعَ سِلْعَةً حَتَّى يَبِيعَ مِقْدَارًا مُعَيَّنًا. وَتَفْصِيلُ هَذِهِ الْمَسَائِلِ لَيْسَ هَذَا مَوْضِعَهُ. إذَا تَبَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ: فَاَلَّذِي يَضْمَنُ كُلْفَةً مِنْ الْمُكَلِّفِ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَبِيعَ السِّلْعَةَ إلَّا هُوَ وَيَبِيعُهَا بِمَا يَخْتَارُ لَا رَيْبَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ جِنْسِ ظُلْمِ الْكُلَفِ السُّلْطَانِيَّةِ مِنْ الْوَجْهَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ تَقَدَّمَا؛ وَلِهَذَا كَرِهَ مَنْ كَرِهَ مُعَامَلَةَ هَذَا لِأَجْلِ الشُّبْهَةِ الَّتِي فِي مَالِهِ. فَإِنَّهُ إذَا كَانَ لَا يَبِيعُ إلَّا هُوَ بِمَا يَخْتَارُ صَارَ كَأَنَّهُ يُكْرِهُ النَّاسَ عَلَى الشِّرَاءِ مِنْهُ بِمَا يَخْتَارُهُ فَيَأْخُذُ مِنْهُمْ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ

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