He thus declares that generation occurs only from two sources, just as a conclusion follows from two premises. The same applies to all other known effects: an effect arises only through the conjunction of whatever completes its cause. No single thing by itself can ever be a cause or a parent. Nothing in this world arises except from two sources, even if these are the agent and that which receives its action, as with fire and wood, or the sun and the earth. From one thing alone, however, nothing proceeds or is generated. The Quran thus makes clear that they have erred in their analogical reasoning concerning causation and generation, in holding that the world proceeds from Him through causation and generation.

Likewise, He says:

“And of all things We created pairs, so that you may take heed”?

This contradicts their assertion that only one thing proceeds from Him.

This fulfills what Allah Most High declares in His words:

“They never bring you an argument without Our bringing you the truth and the best explanation.”

For He has undertaken to do this regarding everyone who departs from following the Messenger. The Most High says:

“Blessed is He who sent down the Criterion to His servant, so that he may be a warner to the worlds.”

(He thus mentions) divine oneness and messengership, continuing up to His words:

“On the Day when the wrongdoer will bite his hands, saying, ‘If only I had taken a path with the Messenger! Woe to me! If only I had not taken so-and-so as a close friend! He led me away from the Reminder after it had come to me.’ And Satan ever forsakes man.”

Everyone who departs from following the Messenger is therefore a wrongdoer to that extent. One who introduces religious innovations is a wrongdoer to the extent that he departs from the Messenger’s sunnah.

“And the Messenger will say, ‘My Lord, my people have indeed abandoned this Quran.’ Thus We have appointed for every prophet an enemy from among the evildoers. But your Lord is sufficient as a guide and a helper.”

“And those who disbelieve say, ‘Why has there not been sent down