Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He was asked:

“There is an endowment for a group of people, established by the testimony of upright witnesses. The house is occupied by someone who wields considerable power over the heirs. They subjected him to coercion until they sold it by force, through the exercise of superior power. If witnesses testify that the endowment is valid, should it be taken from the usurper or not?”

He replied:

Praise be to Allah. A sale made under wrongful coercion is invalid, as is the sale of a valid, binding endowment. Whoever has knowledge of a matter should testify to it. Allah knows best.

He—may Allah have mercy on him—said:

Section

If a ruler, thieves, or others wrongfully compel a man to pay money, and compel another man to lend him money or purchase something from him, and the latter pays the price on his behalf or to him so that they may take the money from the borrower or seller—whether the coercion requires handing the money over to the coerced man and then taking it from him, or merely paying it on his behalf:

وَسُئِلَ: عَنْ حَبْسٍ عَلَى جَمَاعَةٍ وَهُوَ مَثْبُوتٌ بِالْعُدُولِ وَفِي الدَّارِ سَاكِنٌ لَهُ يَدٌ قَوِيَّةٌ عَلَى الْوَرَثَةِ وَأَلْزَمُوهُ إلَى أَنْ بَاعُوهُ غَصْبًا بِالْيَدِ الْقَوِيَّةِ فَإِذَا شَهِدَتْ الشُّهُودُ بِصِحَّةِ الْوَقْفِ يُنْزَعُ مِنْ الْغَاصِبِ أَمْ لَا؟ . فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، بَيْعُ الْمُكْرَهِ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ لَا يَصِحُّ وَبَيْعُ الْوَقْفِ الصَّحِيحِ اللَّازِمِ لَا يَصِحُّ وَمَنْ عَلِمَ شَيْئًا شَهِدَ بِهِ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: فَصْلٌ: فَإِذَا أَكْرَهَ السُّلْطَانُ أَوْ اللُّصُوصُ أَوْ غَيْرُهُمْ رَجُلًا عَلَى أَدَاءِ مَالٍ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَأَكْرَهَ رَجُلًا آخَرَ عَلَى إقْرَاضِهِ أَوْ الِابْتِيَاعِ مِنْهُ وَأَدَّى الثَّمَنَ عَنْهُ أَوْ إلَيْهِ لِيَأْخُذُوهُمْ مِنْ الْمُقْتَرِضِ وَالْبَائِعِ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ الْإِكْرَاهُ عَلَى إقْبَاضِ الْمُكْرَهِ ثُمَّ الْأَخْذُ مِنْهُ أَوْ عَلَى الْأَدَاءِ عَنْهُ فَقَطْ:

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