the ruler, without being mindful that this constitutes obedience to Allah and His Messenger, and obedience to those in authority in matters in which Allah has commanded obedience to them. For this reason, they regard it as injustice and hardship. If they knew that it was obedience to Allah, they would seek His reward for it, and their aversion would disappear. If they knew that it was obligatory under Islamic law, they would not regard it as injustice.

Likewise, when they need to fight and undertake jihad in person, and they provide funds from the public treasury or elsewhere, jihad remains obligatory under Islamic law when a person is provided with funds, even though it involves risking one’s life and the prospect of harm. The interests of religion cannot be fully secured unless it is obligatory. A person is required to undertake jihad at his own expense; when funds are provided for him, the obligation is all the more binding.

Thus, anyone skilled in warfare—shooting, striking, thrusting or riding—is obliged to take part and is to be compelled to do so, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“When you are called to go forth, go forth.”

For this reason, the jurists state that it becomes an individual obligation when the ruler commands it. Likewise, when those undertaking jihad need craftsmen and merchants—such as those who produce food, clothing and weapons, or provide for the needs of horses and the like—and these services are requested of them in return for payment, they are obliged to provide them and are to be compelled to do so.

Likewise, merchants must sell whatever is needed for jihad. And if