Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Hell except angels, and We have made their number only a trial for those who disbelieve, so that those given the Scripture may be certain, and those who believe may increase in faith, and those given the Scripture and the believers may have no doubts, and so that those in whose hearts is disease and the disbelievers may say, ‘What does Allah mean by this example?’ Thus Allah leaves astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. And none knows the forces of your Lord except Him.”

They are also told:

The references in the Quran and Sunnah to the angels and their multitude are beyond enumeration. Indeed, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“The heaven creaks, and rightly should it creak: there is not a space four fingers wide in it without an angel standing, sitting, bowing, or prostrating.”

Allah, Most High, says:

“The heavens almost break apart from above them, while the angels glorify their Lord with praise and seek forgiveness for those on earth. Indeed, Allah is the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.”

Whoever limits their number to ten or nineteen, or claims that the nineteen appointed over Saqar are the intellects and souls, does so out of ignorance of what has come from Allah and His Messenger.

His error in this is evident if the names do not agree in the attributes or magnitude of what they designate, as synonymous terms do. The two things designated agree only in that each is a spirit connected with the heavens. This is merely one of the attributes of the angels of the heavens. Thus, what they have affirmed is only some of

النَّارِ إلَّا مَلَائِكَةً وَمَا جَعَلْنَا عِدَّتَهُمْ إلَّا فِتْنَةً لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَيَزْدَادَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إيمَانًا وَلَا يَرْتَابَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَلِيَقُولَ الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ وَالْكَافِرُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَذَا مَثَلًا كَذَلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إلَّا هُوَ} . وَقِيلَ لَهُمْ: الَّذِي فِي الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ مِنْ ذِكْرِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَكَثْرَتِهِمْ أَمْرٌ لَا يُحْصَرُ حَتَّى قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ {أَطَّتْ السَّمَاءُ وَحُقَّ لَهَا أَنْ تَئِطَّ مَا فِيهَا مَوْضِعُ أَرْبَعِ أَصَابِعَ إلَّا مَلَكٌ قَائِمٌ أَوْ قَاعِدٌ أَوْ رَاكِعٌ؛ أَوْ سَاجِدٌ} وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {تَكَادُ السَّمَاوَاتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْ فَوْقِهِنَّ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَلَا إنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ} . فَمَنْ جَعَلَهُمْ عَشْرَةً أَوْ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ أَوْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ التِّسْعَةَ عَشَرَ الَّذِينَ عَلَى سَقَرَ: هُمْ الْعُقُولُ وَالنُّفُوسُ؛ فَهَذَا مِنْ جَهْلِهِ بِمَا جَاءَ عَنْ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ. وَضَلَالُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ: إذَا لَمْ تَتَّفِقْ الْأَسْمَاءُ فِي صِفَةِ الْمُسَمَّى وَلَا فِي قَدْرِهِ كَمَا تَكُونُ الْأَلْفَاظُ الْمُتَرَادِفَةُ. وَإِنَّمَا اتَّفَقَ الْمُسَمَّيَانِ فِي كَوْنِ كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا رُوحًا مُتَعَلِّقًا بِالسَّمَوَاتِ. وَهَذَا مِنْ بَعْضِ صِفَاتِ مَلَائِكَةِ السَّمَوَاتِ فَاَلَّذِي أَثْبَتُوهُ هُوَ بَعْضُ

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